Thermal Behaviors and Interaction Mechanism of Ammonium Dinitramide with Nitrocellulose

The initial interaction mechanism is very important for the design and safety of nano-scale composite energetic materials composed of ammonium dinitramide (ADN) and nitrocellulose (NC). The thermal behaviors of ADN, NC and an NC/ADN mixture under different conditions were studied by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) with sealed crucibles, an accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC), a self-developed gas pressure measurement instrument and a DSC-thermogravimetry (TG)-quadrupole mass spectroscopy (MS)-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) combined technique. The results show that the exothermic peak temperature of the NC/ADN mixture shifted forward greatly in both open and closed circumstances compared to those of NC or ADN. After 585.5 min under quasi-adiabatic conditions, the NC/ADN mixture stepped into the self-heating stage at 106.4 degrees C, which was much less than the initial temperatures of NC or ADN. The significant reduction in net pressure increment of NC, ADN and the NC/ADN mixture under vacuum indicates that ADN initiated the interaction of NC with ADN. Compared to gas products of NC or ADN, two new kinds of oxidative gases O-2 and HNO2 appeared for the NC/ADN mixture, while NH3 and aldehyde disappeared. The mixing of NC with ADN did not change the initial decomposition pathway of either, but NC made ADN more inclined to decompose into N2O, which resulted in the formation of oxidative gases O-2 and HNO2. The thermal decomposition of ADN dominated the initial thermal decomposition stage of the NC/ADN mixture, followed by the oxidation of NC and the cation of ADN.

Automated summary

The thermal behaviors of nano-scale composite energetic materials composed of ADN and NC were studied using various instruments. The results showed that the interaction mechanism between ADN and NC is crucial for the design and safety of these materials. The mixture of NC and ADN exhibited different thermal decomposition characteristics compared to NC or ADN alone. ADN initiated the interaction with NC, leading to the formation of oxidative gases. The thermal decomposition process of ADN dominated the initial stage of the mixture, followed by the oxidation of NC and the cation of ADN.