期刊
MOLECULES
卷 28, 期 7, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073057
关键词
Cleistocalyx nervosum var paniala; MAPKs; microglial cells; neuroinflammation; NF-kappa B; TNF-alpha
The protective effects and mechanisms of CNSE were evaluated in this study, and it was found that CNSE has anti-inflammatory properties and can prevent neurodegenerative diseases.
Sustained inflammatory responses have been implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala (CN), an indigenous berry, has been reported to exhibit several health-beneficial properties. However, investigation of CN seeds is still limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of ethanolic seed extract (CNSE) and mechanisms in BV-2 mouse microglial cells using an inflammatory stimulus, TNF-alpha. Using LC-MS, ferulic acid, aurentiacin, brassitin, ellagic acid, and alpinetin were found in CNSE. Firstly, we examined molecular docking to elucidate its bioactive components on inflammation-related mechanisms. The results revealed that alpinetin, aurentiacin, and ellagic acid inhibited the NF-kappa B activation and iNOS function, while alpinetin and aurentiacin only suppressed the COX-2 function. Our cell-based investigation exhibited that cells pretreated with CNSE (5, 10, and 25 mu g/mL) reduced the number of spindle cells, which was highly observed in TNF-a treatment (10 ng/mL). CNSE also obstructed TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 mRNA levels and repressed the TNF-alpha and IL-6 releases in a culture medium of BV-2 cells. Remarkably, CNSE decreased the phosphorylated forms of ERK, p38MAPK, p65, and I kappa B-a related to the inhibition of NF-kappa B binding activity. CNSE obviously induced HO-1 protein expression. Our findings suggest that CNSE offers good potential for preventing inflammatory-related NDDs.
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