4.8 Review

The molecular pathology of schizophrenia: an overview of existing knowledge and new directions for future research

相关参考文献

注意:仅列出部分参考文献,下载原文获取全部文献信息。
Article Medicine, General & Internal

Schizophrenia

Sameer Jauhar et al.

LANCET (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The benefit of diagnostic whole genome sequencing in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders

Anna Alkelai et al.

Summary: This study explored the potential benefits of whole genome sequencing in schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders, identifying clinically significant variants and increased risk scores in affected individuals. Rare variants were enriched in specific gene sets, and genetic differences were observed in the PRS for schizophrenia between affected individuals and their relatives. Pharmacogenomics information was also provided based on CYP2D6 genotype data for participants.

MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Autism genes converge on asynchronous development of shared neuron classes

Bruna Paulsen et al.

Summary: This study utilized organoid models of the human cerebral cortex to identify cell-type-specific developmental abnormalities resulting from haploinsufficiency in ASD risk genes SUV420H1, ARID1B, and CHD8. The research found asynchronous development of cortical neuronal lineages and distinct molecular pathways associated with these mutations. The study revealed shared cell-type-specific neurodevelopmental abnormalities across ASD risk genes in a manner influenced by individual genomic context.

NATURE (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Genome-wide tandem repeat expansions contribute to schizophrenia risk

Bahareh A. Mojarad et al.

Summary: This study found that adults with schizophrenia have a higher burden of rare tandem repeat expansions (TREs) near exons in their genomes compared with non-psychiatric controls. These TREs are disproportionately located at loci associated with schizophrenia from genome-wide association studies, present in individuals with clinically-relevant genetic variants at other schizophrenia loci, and found in families with multiple individuals affected by schizophrenia. The study also showed that these rare TREs may disrupt synaptic function by affecting the splicing process of their associated genes.

MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Reproducible brain-wide association studies require thousands of individuals

Scott Marek et al.

Summary: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has greatly advanced our understanding of the human brain, but similar progress has not been made in mental health research. By analyzing three large neuroimaging datasets, researchers found that brain-wide association studies (BWAS) had smaller effect sizes than previously thought, leading to underpowered studies, inflated effect sizes, and replication failures. As sample sizes increased, replication rates improved and effect size inflation decreased. Functional MRI, cognitive tests, and multivariate methods showed more robust effects in BWAS. Smaller than expected brain-phenotype associations and population subsample variability explain the widespread replication failures in BWAS. Reproducibility in BWAS requires samples with thousands of individuals.

NATURE (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Mapping genomic loci implicates genes and synaptic biology in schizophrenia

Vassily Trubetskoy et al.

Summary: In this study, a two-stage genome-wide association study was conducted to identify common variants associated with schizophrenia. The results revealed 287 distinct genomic loci and 120 genes likely to be involved in the development of schizophrenia. This research provides valuable insights into the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and offers a resource for further mechanistic studies.

NATURE (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Rare coding variants in ten genes confer substantial risk for schizophrenia

Tarjinder Singh et al.

Summary: Rare coding variants in certain genes, particularly those related to the function of the nervous system, are found to be significantly associated with schizophrenia. The involvement of specific receptor subunits in the glutamatergic system supports the hypothesis of dysfunction in this system as a mechanism in the development of schizophrenia. The findings suggest that both common and rare genetic risk factors are involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and more risk genes are yet to be discovered using this approach.

NATURE (2022)

Article Neurosciences

Chromatin domain alterations linked to 3D genome organization in a large cohort of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder brains

Kiran Girdhar et al.

Summary: In this study, the researchers constructed chromosomal domains and analyzed histone modifications in the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients. They found that there is convergence between genetic risk, neuronal function, and three-dimensional genomics in these disorders. Additionally, they discovered dysregulation of regulatory sequences in the brains of these patients, which are organized into chromosomal domains of various sizes.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2022)

Article Cell Biology

Loss-of-function variants in the schizophrenia risk gene SETD1A alter neuronal network activity in human neurons through the cAMP/PKA pathway

Shan Wang et al.

Summary: Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the SETD1A gene result in increased dendritic complexity and bursting activity, primarily driven by SETD1A haploinsufficiency in glutamatergic neurons. Perturbations in gene sets associated with glutamatergic synaptic function are observed. SETD1A is linked to the cAMP-dependent pathway in human neurons.

CELL REPORTS (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cell type-specific mechanism of Setd1a heterozygosity in schizophrenia pathogenesis

Renchao Chen et al.

Summary: In this study, a Setd1a haploinsufficiency mouse model was generated to investigate the effect of this SCZ-associated epigenetic factor on gene expression in brain regions relevant to SCZ. The results showed that Setd1a heterozygosity leads to highly variable transcriptional adaptations in different cell types in the prefrontal cortex and striatum, and the Foxp2(+) neurons exhibit the most prominent gene expression changes. Additionally, Setd1a(+/-) mice display behavioral features similar to SCZ patients, suggesting a potential role of Setd1a in SCZ pathogenesis.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Dysfunction of AMPA receptor GluA3 is associated with aggressive behavior in human

Shi-Xiao Peng et al.

Summary: The study identified two rare genetic mutations and a genetic polymorphism associated with aggressive behavior. Knocking out the GluA3 gene revealed that abnormal excitability in the brain cortex leads to aggressive behavior.

MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Analysis of somatic mutations in 131 human brains reveals aging-associated hypermutability

Taejeong Bae et al.

Summary: This study analyzed 131 human brains and found mutations creating putative transcription factor binding motifs in enhancer-like regions in the developing brain, particularly in brains with autism. Additionally, hypermutability was linked to age and damaging mutations in genes associated with cancers.

SCIENCE (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The 22q11.2 region regulates presynaptic gene-products linked to schizophrenia

Ralda Nehme et al.

Summary: The mechanism by which the 22q11.2 deletion predisposes to psychiatric disease is not well understood. In this study, the authors investigated human neuronal cells and found that the deletion regulates the expression of genes associated with autism, schizophrenia, and synaptic biology. Using induced pluripotent stem cells and CRISPR/Cas9 technology, the researchers found that the deletion alters the abundance of transcripts associated with neurodevelopmental disorders during differentiation into neural progenitor cells. Furthermore, the altered transcripts in excitatory neurons were found to encode presynaptic factors and were associated with genetic risk for schizophrenia.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

Article Genetics & Heredity

Tissue- and cell-type-specific molecular and functional signatures of 16p11.2 reciprocal genomic disorder across mouse brain and human neuronal models

Derek J. C. Tai et al.

Summary: Chromosome 16p11.2 reciprocal genomic disorder is associated with intellectual disabilities, ASD, and schizophrenia. This disorder disrupts multiple biological processes and affects gene expression and neuronal ratios, potentially impacting neurodevelopment and cognitive function.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Single-nucleus RNA sequencing of midbrain blood-brain barrier cells in schizophrenia reveals subtle transcriptional changes with overall preservation of cellular proportions and phenotypes

Sofia Puvogel et al.

Summary: This study investigated the potential alteration in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) of patients with schizophrenia. The researchers found 14 differentially expressed genes in the BBB cells of schizophrenia patients compared to controls, but no changes in the relative abundance of major BBB cell types were identified. These transcriptional changes were limited to ependymal cells and pericytes.

MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Upper cortical layer-driven network impairment in schizophrenia

Mykhailo Y. Batiuk et al.

Summary: Schizophrenia is a widespread and complex mental disorder characterized by a reduction in abundance of GABAergic neurons and an increase in principal neurons, especially in the upper cortical layers. Many neuronal subtypes show extensive transcriptomic changes, particularly in upper-layer GABAergic neurons. Transcription factor network analysis reveals the developmental origin of these transcriptomic changes.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Behavioral changes and growth deficits in a CRISPR engineered mouse model of the schizophrenia-associated 3q29 deletion

Timothy P. Rutkowski et al.

Summary: The 3q29 deletion increases the risk for various neuropsychiatric phenotypes, and the experimental deletion in mice revealed behavioral impairments in multiple domains, with potential sex-dependent effects. The study also found that mouse-specific behavioral phenotypes associated with the 3q29 deletion are not solely due to haploinsufficiency of Dlg1.

MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Reversal of synaptic and behavioral deficits in a 16p11.2 duplication mouse model via restoration of the GABA synapse regulator Npas4

Benjamin Rein et al.

Summary: 16p11.2 duplication mice show social and cognitive deficits similar to ASD and ID, but not schizophrenia-related symptoms. The study suggests that prefrontal cortical GABAergic synaptic circuitry and Npas4 play crucial roles in 16p11.2 duplication pathology, representing potential therapeutic targets for ASD intervention.

MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY (2021)

Review Psychiatry

Could Polygenic Risk Scores Be Useful in Psychiatry? A Review

Graham K. Murray et al.

Summary: Polygenic risk scores have the potential to aid in clinical decision-making in psychiatry, particularly in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Combining PRS with other risk factors may improve prediction of outcomes, but larger samples are needed for further development and evaluation. The utility and ethical considerations of PRS in clinical psychiatry should be carefully assessed in light of realistic expectations.

JAMA PSYCHIATRY (2021)

Article Neurosciences

Low-Level Brain Somatic Mutations Are Implicated in Schizophrenia

Myeong-Heui Kim et al.

Summary: The study found an average of 4.9 and 5.6 somatic mutations per exome in the brains of patients with schizophrenia and control individuals, with no significant difference in mutation type and quantity between the two groups. However, somatic mutations in the brains of schizophrenia patients were significantly enriched in schizophrenia-related pathways such as dopamine receptor, glutamate receptor, and long-term potentiation pathways.

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

High-impact rare genetic variants in severe schizophrenia

Anthony W. Zoghbi et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

Article Cell Biology

Neurexin1α differentially regulates synaptic efficacy within striatal circuits

M. Felicia Davatolhagh et al.

Summary: In the striatal circuitry, dysregulation of Nrxn1α specifically affects synaptic strength onto the indirect pathway SPNs, while thalamic excitatory inputs to DMS exhibit relatively normal excitatory synaptic strength despite changes in synaptic NMDAR content. This suggests that Nrxn1α modulates striatal function in an input- and target-specific manner.

CELL REPORTS (2021)

Article Biology

DNA methylation meta-analysis reveals cellular alterations in psychosis and markers of treatment-resistant schizophrenia

Eilis Hannon et al.

Summary: The study identified differentially methylated positions (DMPs) in blood DNA methylation profiles associated with psychosis, schizophrenia, and treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Analysis across datasets revealed DMPs with evidence of colocalization to regions nominated by genetic association studies of the diseases. The findings suggest that DNA methylation data can serve as molecular biomarkers for treatment-resistant schizophrenia and reveal environmental factors associated with psychosis.
Article Psychiatry

Genome sequencing broadens the range of contributing variants with clinical implications in schizophrenia

Bahareh A. Mojarad et al.

Summary: The study found that besides rare CNVs, there are other genetic variations in schizophrenia patients that may have potential clinical implications. High-impact variants, including SNVs and indels, were identified in this population, suggesting a broader clinical spectrum than previously thought. Some individuals had rare high-impact variants associated with schizophrenia-relevant pathways, with higher clinical yield observed in females and individuals with intellectual disabilities.

TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY (2021)

Review Cell Biology

A Selective Review of the Excitatory-Inhibitory Imbalance in Schizophrenia: Underlying Biology, Genetics, Microcircuits, and Symptoms

Yi Liu et al.

Summary: Schizophrenia is characterized by specific positive and negative symptoms, social behavior disturbances, and cognitive deficits, with evidence showing involvement of glutamate and GABA neurotransmissions. Imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory functions at various levels may be the basis for the pathophysiology, highlighting the need for further research on therapeutic strategies.

FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2021)

Article Neurosciences

Delayed motor learning in a 16p11.2 deletion mouse model of autism is rescued by locus coeruleus activation

Xuming Yin et al.

Summary: The study revealed delayed motor learning in mice with 16p11.2 deletion, associated with abnormal ensemble activity and delayed spine remodeling in the motor cortex. Activation of locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons rescued the motor-related abnormalities in these mice.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

16p11.2 deletion is associated with hyperactivation of human iPSC-derived dopaminergic neuron networks and is rescued by RHOA inhibition in vitro

Maria Sundberg et al.

Summary: Reciprocal copy number variations (CNVs) of 16p11.2 are associated with a wide spectrum of neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. In this study, it was demonstrated that 16p11.2 deletion leads to hyperactivation of human iPSC-derived dopaminergic neuron networks, which can be rescued by RHOA inhibition. This research provides a new perspective for studying neurodevelopmental disorders.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Review Cell Biology

Copy number variation and neuropsychiatric illness

Elliott Rees et al.

Summary: Copy number variants (CNVs) at specific loci have been identified as important risk factors for several neuropsychiatric disorders, with pleiotropic effects and associations with cognitive impairment and other medical morbidities. While most neuropsychiatric CNVs are multigenic, gene-set analyses have implicated specific genes related to neuropsychiatric disorders. Future whole-genome sequencing studies have the potential to identify novel single-gene CNV associations, providing insights into the pathophysiology underlying these disorders.

CURRENT OPINION IN GENETICS & DEVELOPMENT (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Brain mapping across 16 autism mouse models reveals a spectrum of functional connectivity subtypes

V Zerbi et al.

Summary: The study reveals that Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by diverse and highly heterogeneous abnormalities in brain connectivity, with different etiologies causing a broad spectrum of connectional abnormalities that can be classified into four subtypes with discrete signatures of network dysfunction.

MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Cortical organoids model early brain development disrupted by 16p11.2 copy number variants in autism

Jorge Urresti et al.

Summary: Reciprocal deletion and duplication of the 16p11.2 region are associated with autism spectrum disorders and impact neurodevelopmental processes. CNV dosage affects neuronal maturation, proliferation, and the ratio of neurons to neural progenitors in organoids. Dysregulation of multiple pathways, including neuron migration and actin cytoskeleton, is observed in 16p11.2 CNV, with increased levels of active RhoA implicated in migration deficits.

MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Prognostic value of polygenic risk scores for adults with psychosis

Isotta Landi et al.

Summary: Including polygenic risk scores does not enhance the performance of standard-of-care predictive models for disease outcomes in patients with psychosis, according to research analyzing clinical and genetic data from two multi-ethnic cohorts.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cross-platform validation of neurotransmitter release impairments in schizophrenia patient-derived NRXN1-mutant neurons

ChangHui Pak et al.

Summary: Heterozygous NRXN1 deletions are associated with schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental disorders, causing impaired neurotransmitter release in human neurons. However, mouse neurons with NRXN1 deletions did not show the same impairment, suggesting a human-specific phenotype. The deletions also led to increased levels of CASK and characteristic gene-expression changes, highlighting the potential for future drug discovery targeting NRXN1 deletions.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Genome-wide sequencing-based identification of methylation quantitative trait loci and their role in schizophrenia risk

Kira A. Perzel Mandell et al.

Summary: The study found that DNA methylation is influenced by genetic factors, with a significant portion of genes and regions being associated with SNPs and CpG sites, providing insights into the genetic susceptibility of schizophrenia. By uncovering regions of differential methylation caused by schizophrenia risk-SNPs, the research discusses the relevance of epigenetic plasticity in the brain.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Neurosciences

Aberrant Cortical Ensembles and Schizophrenia-like Sensory Phenotypes in Setd1a+/- Mice

Jordan P. Hamm et al.

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Visualization of AMPA receptors in living human brain with positron emission tomography

Tomoyuki Miyazaki et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2020)

Article Neurosciences

Regulation of autism-relevant behaviors by cerebellar-prefrontal cortical circuits

Elyza Kelly et al.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Neuronal defects in a human cellular model of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

Themasap A. Khan et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Using common genetic variation to examine phenotypic expression and risk prediction in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

Robert W. Davies et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2020)

Article Genetics & Heredity

Clinical use of current polygenic risk scores may exacerbate health disparities

Alicia R. Martin et al.

NATURE GENETICS (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Atypical behaviour and connectivity in SHANK3-mutant macaques

Yang Zhou et al.

NATURE (2019)

Article Genetics & Heredity

Neuronal impact of patient-specific aberrant NRXN1α splicing

Erin Flaherty et al.

NATURE GENETICS (2019)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

OMIM.org: leveraging knowledge across phenotype-gene relationships

Joanna S. Amberger et al.

NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH (2019)

Article Genetics & Heredity

Genetic identification of brain cell types underlying schizophrenia

Nathan G Skene et al.

NATURE GENETICS (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Common genetic variants contribute to risk of rare severe neurodevelopmental disorders

Mari E. K. Niemi et al.

NATURE (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Transcriptome-wide isoform-level dysregulation in ASD, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder

Michael J. Gandal et al.

SCIENCE (2018)

Article Genetics & Heredity

Contribution of copy number variants to schizophrenia from a genome-wide study of 41,321 subjects

Christian R. Marshall et al.

NATURE GENETICS (2017)

Article Neurosciences

Altered Cortical Ensembles in Mouse Models of Schizophrenia

Jordan P. Hamm et al.

NEURON (2017)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Histone Marks in the 'Driver's Seat': Functional Roles in Steering the Transcription Cycle

Leah A. Gates et al.

TRENDS IN BIOCHEMICAL SCIENCES (2017)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Modeling Rett Syndrome Using TALEN-Edited MECP2 Mutant Cynomolgus Monkeys

Yongchang Chen et al.

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Common alleles contribute to schizophrenia in CNV carriers

K. E. Tansey et al.

MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY (2016)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

FINEMAP: efficient variable selection using summary data from genome-wide association studies

Christian Benner et al.

BIOINFORMATICS (2016)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Schizophrenia

Michael J. Owen et al.

LANCET (2016)

Article Neurosciences

Gene expression elucidates functional impact of polygenic risk for schizophrenia

Menachem Fromer et al.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2016)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Reversal of dendritic phenotypes in 16p11.2 microduplication mouse model neurons by pharmacological targeting of a network hub

Katherine D. Blizinsky et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2016)

Article Cell Biology

Insights into neuroepigenetics through human histone deacetylase PET imaging

Hsiao-Ying Wey et al.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2016)

Article Cell Biology

Imaging synaptic density in the living human brain

Sjoerd J. Finnema et al.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2016)

Article Behavioral Sciences

Reduced Prepulse Inhibition as a Biomarker of Schizophrenia

Auxiliadora Mena et al.

FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE (2016)

Article Psychiatry

Analysis of induced pluripotent stem cells carrying 22q11.2 deletion

M. Toyoshima et al.

TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY (2016)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Population Variation and Genetic Control of Modular Chromatin Architecture in Humans

Sebastian M. Waszak et al.

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cell types in the mouse cortex and hippocampus revealed by single-cell RNA-seq

Amit Zeisel et al.

SCIENCE (2015)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

MAGMA: Generalized Gene-Set Analysis of GWAS Data

Christiaan A. de Leeuw et al.

PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY (2015)

Article Genetics & Heredity

Transcriptional Consequences of 16p11.2 Deletion and Duplication in Mouse Cortex and Multiplex Autism Families

Ian Blumenthal et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS (2014)

Article Behavioral Sciences

Loss of GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors impairs extra-dimensional set-shifting

K. Marquardt et al.

GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR (2014)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

De novo mutations in schizophrenia implicate synaptic networks

Menachem Fromer et al.

NATURE (2014)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A polygenic burden of rare disruptive mutations in schizophrenia

Shaun M. Purcell et al.

NATURE (2014)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci

Stephan Ripke et al.

NATURE (2014)

Article Genetics & Heredity

Most genetic risk for autism resides with common variation

Trent Gaugler et al.

NATURE GENETICS (2014)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Specific disruption of thalamic inputs to the auditory cortex in schizophrenia models

Sungkun Chun et al.

SCIENCE (2014)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Evidence-based psychiatric genetics, AKA the false dichotomy between common and rare variant hypotheses

P. M. Visscher et al.

MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY (2012)

Article Neurosciences

The best of times, the worst of times for psychiatric disease

Maria Karayiorgou et al.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2012)

Article Genetics & Heredity

Exome sequencing supports a de novo mutational paradigm for schizophrenia

Bin Xu et al.

NATURE GENETICS (2011)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Dosage-dependent phenotypes in models of 16p11.2 lesions found in autism

Guy Horev et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2011)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Impaired hippocampal-prefrontal synchrony in a genetic mouse model of schizophrenia

Torfi Sigurdsson et al.

NATURE (2010)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Common polygenic variation contributes to risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Shaun M. Purcell et al.

NATURE (2009)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Common variants conferring risk of schizophrenia

Hreinn Stefansson et al.

NATURE (2009)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Mouse neurexin-1α deletion causes correlated electrophysiological and behavioral changes consistent with cognitive impairments

Mark R. Etherton et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2009)

Editorial Material Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Curses-winner's and otherwise-in genetic epidemiology

Peter Kraft

EPIDEMIOLOGY (2008)

Article Psychiatry

Schizophrenia as a complex trait - Evidence from a meta-analysis of twin studies

PF Sullivan et al.

ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY (2003)