3D printed materials for combating antimicrobial resistance

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a rapidly growing technology with a significant capacity for translational applications in both biology and medicine. 3D-printed living and non-living materials are being widely tested as a potential replacement for conventional solutions for testing and combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The precise control of cells and their microenvironment, while simulating the complexity and dynamics of an in vivo environment, provides an excellent opportunity to advance the modeling and treatment of challenging infections and other health conditions. 3D -printing models the complicated niches of microbes and host-pathogen interactions, and most importantly, how microbes develop resistance to antibiotics. In addition, 3D-printed materials can be applied to testing and delivering antibiotics. Here, we provide an overview of 3D printed materials and biosystems and their biomedical applications, focusing on ever increasing AMR. Recent applications of 3D printing to alleviate the impact of AMR, including developed bioprinted systems, targeted bacterial infections, and tested antibiotics are presented.

Automated summary

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has significant potential for translational applications in biology and medicine. It can be used as a replacement for conventional solutions and to improve antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The technology allows for precise control of cells and their microenvironment, simulating complex in vivo environments and advancing the modeling and treatment of challenging infections and other health conditions. 3D printing also models the interactions between microbes and host-pathogens, specifically the development of antibiotic resistance. It can be applied to testing and delivering antibiotics.