Predictors of caregiver adherence to administration of amodiaquine during delivery of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Chad, and Togo

BackgroundMalaria is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among infants and children under-five in sub-Saharan Africa. In the Sahel, seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is delivered door-to-door in monthly cycles. In each cycle, children are administered sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) plus amodiaquine (AQ) on Day 1 by community distributors, and AQ on Day 2 and Day 3 by caregivers. Non-adherence to AQ administration by caregivers has implications for emergence of antimalarial resistance.MethodsPredictors of non-adherence to administration of AQ on Day 2 and Day 3 among caregivers of children aged 3-59 months who had received Day 1 SP and AQ during the last 2020 SMC cycle (n = 12,730) were analysed using data from SMC coverage surveys in Nigeria, Burkina Faso and Togo, and fitting multivariate random-effects logistic regression models.ResultsPrevious adverse reaction to SMC medicines by eligible children (OR: 0.29, 95% CI 0.24-0.36, p < 0.001), awareness of the importance of administering Day 2 and Day 3 AQ (OR: 2.19, 95% CI 1.69-2.82, p < 0.001), caregiver age, and home visits to caregivers delivered by the Lead Mothers intervention in Nigeria (OR: 2.50, 95% CI 1.93-2.24, p < 0.001), were significantly associated with caregiver adherence to Day 2 and Day 3 AQ administration.ConclusionsIncreasing caregivers' knowledge of SMC and interventions such as Lead Mothers have the potential to improve full adherence to AQ administration.

Automated summary

In sub-Saharan Africa, malaria is the main cause of morbidity and mortality among infants and young children. Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is delivered monthly door-to-door, with children receiving sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) plus amodiaquine (AQ) on Day 1 and AQ on Day 2 and Day 3. Non-adherence to AQ administration by caregivers can lead to the emergence of antimalarial resistance.