4.3 Review

Biosecurity: Reducing the burden of disease

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Pathogenesis and complete genome sequence of Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) associated with mass mortality in Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Qieqi Qian et al.

Summary: The pathogen causing mass mortalities of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Yangzhou, China from June to September 2021 was identified as Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1-mr) through various diagnostic methods. Diseased prawns exhibited symptoms such as white spots, redness of the hepatopancreas, and empty stomach and intestine. TEM observation revealed severe damage to the hepatopancreas, gills, and intestines, with a large number of virus particles present. The pathogenicity of DIV1-mr was confirmed, with a calculated LD50 of 3.28 x 105 copies/mL for M. rosenbergii.

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Farm-level economic cost of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) to Indian Penaeus vannamei shrimp farming

R. Geetha et al.

Summary: This study developed a stochastic model to estimate the economic loss caused by EHP to Indian shrimp farms and identified the associated risk factors. The occurrence of EHP was found to be correlated with stocking density and resulted in lower shrimp harvest and higher feed conversion ratio. The study also quantified the biological loss and cost of prevention and treatment of EHP. Regression sensitivity analysis revealed the farm gate price as the strongest variable influencing net return. The study highlights the economic impact of EHP on shrimp farming and identifies regional variations in risk factors affecting cost-benefit analysis.

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Summary: The world's population is projected to reach 10 billion by 2050, requiring the doubling of animal production to meet nutritional needs. The intensification of aquaculture has increased the risk of bacterial diseases, with antibiotics becoming less effective. Bacteriophages, viruses that attack bacteria, are gaining renewed interest as a potential prevention and treatment method.

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Summary: Fish plays a crucial role in food and nutritional security, but its production is declining due to diseases. This article aims to effectively identify fish diseases through image recognition technology, providing necessary support to farmers. Experimental results show that using smartphones and expert systems for disease identification is efficient and accurate.

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Welfare Indicators in Tilapia: An Epidemiological Approach

Luis Flores-Garcia et al.

Summary: Interest and concern about rearing methods and their impact on animal welfare have increased. A study was conducted to evaluate the feeding rate effect on the welfare indicators of Oreochromis niloticus using an epidemiological approach. The results showed that the feed rate directly affects the welfare indicators and production. Mortality, weight reduction, body condition reduction, and caudal and anal fin damage were found to be relevant indicators in all O. niloticus growing stages.

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Antibody-based lateral flow chromatographic assays for detecting fish and shrimp pathogens: A technical review

K. U. Shyam et al.

Summary: Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) are user-friendly and cost-effective point-of-care detection systems widely used in aquaculture for pathogen detection. This review article summarizes 22 LFIA detection devices used in aquaculture, providing valuable baseline data for the development of new LFIA devices targeting significant pathogens.

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Saskia S. Arndt et al.

Summary: Animal welfare is a complex issue that can be approached from various perspectives. Concepts such as the Five Freedoms, Five Domains, and Quality of Life have been developed as guidelines for assessing and promoting animal welfare. This study proposes the Dynamic Animal Welfare Concept, which emphasizes the adaptability of animals and the importance of positive emotional states.

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Microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) spores are inactivated in 1 min at 75 °C

Natthinee Munkongwongsiri et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that heating commercial feeds at 75 degrees or higher effectively inactivates EHP, reducing the risk of transmission. PCR-positive feeds tested negative for EHP infection in shrimp, confirming the hypothesis that heat exposure during manufacture eliminates EHP risk.

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Historic emergence, impact and current status of shrimp pathogens in the Americas

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Disease and health management in Asian aquaculture

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