Continuous Purification of Molten Chloride Salt: Electrochemical Behavior of MgOHCl Reduction

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Effect of excess Mg to control corrosion in molten MgCl2 and KCl eutectic salt mixture

Kasey Hanson et al.

Summary: The study suggests that adding an optimum level of excess Mg to molten salt can prevent corrosion of alloys like 316 H, without forming any detectable Ni-Mg intermetallic phases on Ni-rich alloy surfaces.

CORROSION SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Electrochemistry

A comparison of square-wave voltammetry models to determine the number of electrons exchanged in metal deposition

Ranon Fuller et al.

Summary: This study compares square-wave voltammetry models for calculating the number of electrons exchanged in metal deposition reactions. Experiments were conducted on silver deposition on platinum in an aqueous HNO3 solution, and nickel and lanthanum deposition on platinum in molten LiCl. Diffusion coefficients for Ni2+ and La3+ in LiCl at 700 degrees C were calculated. The accuracy of soluble-soluble models versus a soluble-insoluble model was discussed, and a simple method for determining the number of electrons exchanged under the constraint of well-compensated ohmic drop was proposed and evaluated.

ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA (2022)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Past research and future strategies for molten chlorides application in concentrated solar power technology

Mickael Lambrecht et al.

Summary: This review summarizes past research on heat transfer fluids (HTF) containing material used in concentrated solar power (CSP) plants, with a focus on chloride molten salts. The low cost and wide operating temperature range of these salts make them potential candidates for future CSP plants, especially if nanoparticles are added to enhance their performance. However, their aggressive behavior requires the selection of long-lasting resistant alloys, and a better understanding of corrosion mechanisms and the effects of alloying elements. The article also discusses strategies for mitigating salt impurities through purification processes, and presents thermogravimetric analysis and numerical simulations for salt preparation and modeling alloy activities and their interaction with molten chlorides.

SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS (2022)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Molten chloride salt technology for next-generation CSP plants: Compatibility of Fe-based alloys with purified molten MgCl2-KCl-NaCl salt at 700 °C

Qing Gong et al.

Summary: This study investigates the high-temperature corrosion in molten MgCl2-KCl-NaCl salt and finds that using affordable Fe-based alloys as structural materials can effectively control the corrosion rate below the target value. This research has significant implications for cost reduction in chloride-TES and increasing energy conversion efficiency in CSP systems.

APPLIED ENERGY (2022)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Thermophysical Properties Experimentally Tested for NaCl-KCl-MgCl2 Eutectic Molten Salt as a Next-Generation High-Temperature Heat Transfer Fluids in Concentrated Solar Power Systems

Xiaoxin Wang et al.

Summary: A new eutectic chloride molten salt has been recognized as a promising high-temperature heat transfer fluid for concentrated solar power systems. Various thermophysical properties of the salt have been experimentally tested and provided as functions of temperature, serving as essential database for engineers to calculate convective heat transfer in concentrated solar receivers, heat exchangers, and thermal storage.

JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME (2021)

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Review Electrochemistry

Review-Concentration Measurements In Molten Chloride Salts Using Electrochemical Methods

Tyler Williams et al.

Summary: The electrochemical measurement of concentration in molten chloride salts is essential for various industrial processes such as recycling and energy production. Different electrochemical techniques have their own advantages and limitations, with some, like CP and SWV, being more accurate at low concentrations while others, like OCP, yielding large errors in multianalyte mixtures.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Analytical

Multielectrode array sensors to enable long-duration corrosion monitoring and control of concentrating solar power systems

Jicheng Guo et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates a corrosion monitoring system for molten mixtures, which can effectively prevent corrosion of high-temperature alloys in CSP systems, ensuring long-term operation of the system. The sensors have high accuracy and can quantitatively detect corrosion products and impurities, identifying issues and taking measures promptly.

JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Review Energy & Fuels

Engineering molten MgCl2-KCl-NaCl salt for high-temperature thermal energy storage: Review on salt properties and corrosion control strategies

Carolina Villada et al.

Summary: This review discusses the selection, key properties, and working temperature range of MgCl2-KCl-NaCl salt as a TES/HTF material, as well as corrosion control strategies for addressing its corrosivity issue at high temperatures.

SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS (2021)

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Review Engineering, Multidisciplinary

Progress in Research and Development of Molten Chloride Salt Technology for Next Generation Concentrated Solar Power Plants

Wenjin Ding et al.

Summary: Concentrated solar power plants with thermal energy storage systems are emerging as a promising option for future renewable energy systems. The next generation CSP technology aims to reduce electricity costs and improve performance by utilizing higher process temperatures and greater energy efficiency.

ENGINEERING (2021)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Molten chloride salts for high-temperature thermal energy storage: Continuous electrolytic salt purification with two Mg-electrodes and alternating voltage for corrosion control

Wenjin Ding et al.

Summary: An improved electrolytic purification method using two identical Mg-electrodes and alternating voltage was developed to avoid electrode passivation in molten MgCl2/KCl/NaCl salt, effectively reducing corrosive impurities and corrosion rates. The method shows great potential for long-term corrosion control of molten chloride salt TES systems.

SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A novel purification method for fluoride or chloride molten salts based on the redox of hydrogen on a nickel electrode

Yong Zuo et al.

Summary: A novel purification process for molten salts using H+/H-2, Ni electrode was proposed, which showed higher deoxidation efficiency compared to traditional methods. The process only used H-2 as a purification gas, avoiding toxic emissions like HF or HCl. Possible applications of the proposed method were also discussed.

RSC ADVANCES (2021)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Assessment of effects of Mg treatment on corrosivity of molten NaCl-KClMgCl2 salt with Raman and Infrared spectra

Hua Sun et al.

CORROSION SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Analytical

Method To Determine MgO and MgOHCl in Chloride Molten Salts

Noah Klammer et al.

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2020)

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Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Review of the solubility, monitoring, and purification of impurities in molten salts for energy storage in concentrated solar power plants

Teng-Cheong Ong et al.

RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS (2020)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Potential scalability of a cost-effective purification method for MgCl2-Containing salts for next-generation concentrating solar power technologies

Youyang Zhao et al.

SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS (2020)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Molten chloride salts for next generation concentrated solar power plants: Mitigation strategies against corrosion of structural materials

Wenjin Ding et al.

SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS (2019)

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Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Sensible energy storage options for concentrating solar power plants operating above 600 °C

Gowtham Mohan et al.

RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS (2019)

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Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Mainstreaming commercial CSP systems: A technology review

Angel G. Fernandez et al.

RENEWABLE ENERGY (2019)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Molten chloride salts for next generation CSP plants: Electrolytical salt purification for reducing corrosive impurity level

Wenjin Ding et al.

SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS (2019)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Effect of Mg dissolution on cyclic voltammetry and open circuit potentiometry of molten MgCl2-KCl-NaCl candidate heat transfer fluid for concentrating solar power

Suhee Choi et al.

SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Enabling chloride salts for thermal energy storage: implications of salt purity

J. Matthew Kurley et al.

RSC ADVANCES (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A Practical Beginner's Guide to Cyclic Voltammetry

Noemie Elgrishi et al.

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Analytical

Semi-analytical modelling of linear scan voltammetric responses for soluble-insoluble system: The case of metal deposition

Imene Atek et al.

JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2018)

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Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Corrosion in the molten fluoride and chloride salts and materials development for nuclear applications

Shaoqiang Guo et al.

PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE (2018)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Hot corrosion behavior of commercial alloys in thermal energy storage material of molten MgCl2/KCl/NaCl under inert atmosphere

Wenjin Ding et al.

SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS (2018)

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Editorial Material Electrochemistry

Communication-Quantitative Voltammetric Analysis of High Concentration Actinides in Molten Salts

Nathaniel C. Hoyt et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2017)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Corrosion behavior of Ni-based alloys in molten NaCl-CaCl2-MgCl2 eutectic salt for concentrating solar power

Bo Liu et al.

SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS (2017)

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Proceedings Paper Energy & Fuels

Cyclic Voltammetry for Monitoring Corrosive Impurities in Molten Chlorides for Thermal Energy Storage

Wenjin Ding et al.

11TH INTERNATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY STORAGE CONFERENCE, IRES 2017 (2017)

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Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Review on concentrating solar power plants and new developments in high temperature thermal energy storage technologies

Ming Liu et al.

RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS (2016)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Corrosion of alloys in a chloride molten salt (NaCl-LiCl) for solar thermal technologies

Judith C. Gomez-Vidal et al.

SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS (2016)

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Proceedings Paper Electrochemistry

Methods for Determining the Working Electrode Interfacial Area for Electroanalytical Measurements of Metal Ions in Molten LiCl-KCl

D. Rappleye et al.

MOLTEN SALTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS 20 (2016)

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Review Energy & Fuels

Heat transfer fluids for concentrating solar power systems - A review

K. Vignarooban et al.

APPLIED ENERGY (2015)

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Article Chemistry, Analytical

A complementary survey of staircase voltammetry with metal ion deposition on macroelectrodes

Denise Krulic et al.

JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2015)

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Article Electrochemistry

Method Development for Quantitative Analysis of Actinides in Molten Salts

M. M. Tylka et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2015)

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Article Electrochemistry

Electrochemical behavior of LaCl3 and morphology of La deposit on molybdenum substrate in molten LiCl-KCl eutectic salt

Hao Tang et al.

ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA (2014)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Molten salts database for energy applications

R. Serrano-Lopez et al.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING-PROCESS INTENSIFICATION (2013)

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Article Electrochemistry

A Robust Alumina Membrane Reference Electrode for High Temperature Molten Salts

Han Wang et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2012)

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Article Chemistry, Analytical

Peak heights and peak widths at half-height in square wave voltammetry without and with ohmic potential drop for reversible and irreversible systems

Denise Krulic et al.

JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2011)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

How Much Supporting Electrolyte Is Required to Make a Cyclic Voltammetry Experiment Quantitatively Diffusional? A Theoretical and Experimental Investigation

Edmund J. F. Dickinson et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C (2009)

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Article Electrochemistry

Electrode behavior of hydrogen reduction in LiCl-KCl melt - Voltammetric analysis

H Ito et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2000)

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Continuous Purification of Molten Chloride Salt: Electrochemical Behavior of MgOHCl Reduction

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