Proteomic analysis of liver tissue reveals Aeromonas hydrophila infection mediated modulation of host metabolic pathways in Labeo rohita

Aeromonas hydrophila (Ah) is a Gram-negative bacterium and a serious global pathogen causing Motile Aero-monas Septicaemia (MAS) in fish leading to global loss in aquaculture. Investigation of the molecular alterations of host tissues such as liver could be a powerful approach to identify mechanistic and diagnostic immune sig-natures of disease pathogenesis. We performed a proteomic analysis of Labeo rohita liver tissue to examine the protein dynamics in the host cells during Ah infection. The proteomic data was acquired using two strategies; discovery and targeted proteomics. Label-free quantification was performed between Control and challenged group (AH) to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). A total of 2525 proteins were identified and 157 were DEPs. DEPs include metabolic enzymes (CS, SUCLG2), antioxidative proteins, cytoskeletal proteins and immune related proteins (TLR3, CLEC4E). Pathways like lysosome pathway, apoptosis, metabolism of xenobi-otics by cytochrome P450 were enriched by downregulated proteins. However, upregulated proteins majorly mapped to innate immune system, signaling of B cell receptor, proteosome pathway, ribosome, carbon meta-bolism and protein processing in ER. Our study would help in exploring the role of Toll-like receptors, C-type lectins and, metabolic intermediates like citrate and succinate in Ah pathogenesis to understand the Ah infection in fish.Significance: Bacterial diseases such as motile aeromonas septicaemia (MAS) are among the most serious prob-lems in aquaculture industry. Small molecules that target the metabolism of the host have recently emerged as potential treatment possibilities in infectious diseases. However, the ability to develop new therapies is hampered due to lack of knowledge about pathogenesis mechanisms and host-pathogen interactions. We examined alterations in the host proteome during MAS caused by Aeromonas hydrophila (Ah) infection, in Labeo rohita liver tissue to find cellular proteins and processes affected by Ah infection. Upregulated proteins belong to innate immune system, signaling of B cell receptor, proteosome pathway, ribosome, carbon metabolism and protein processing. Our work is an important step towards leveraging host metabolism in targeting the disease by providing a bigger picture on proteome pathology correlation during Ah infection.

Automated summary

This study investigated the molecular alterations in host cells during Aeromonas hydrophila infection by analyzing the proteomic dynamics in the liver tissue of Labeo rohita fish. The results revealed differential expression of metabolic enzymes, antioxidative proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, and immune-related proteins. The study provides important insights into the mechanisms and diagnostic markers of this pathogen during fish infection.