Exercise-derived skeletal myogenic exosomes as mediators of intercellular crosstalk: a major player in health, disease, and exercise

Exosomes are extracellular membrane vesicles that contain biological macromolecules such as RNAs and proteins. It plays an essential role in physiological and pathological processes as carrier of biologically active substances and new mediator of intercellular communication. It has been reported that myokines secreted by the skeletal muscle are wrapped in small vesicles (e.g., exosomes), secreted into the circulation, and then regulate the receptor cells. This review discussed the regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs), proteins, lipids, and other cargoes carried by skeletal muscle-derived exosomes (SkMCs-Exs) on the body and their effects on pathological states, including injury atrophy, aging, and vascular porosis. We also discussed the role of exercise in regulating skeletal muscle-derived exosomes and its physiological significance.

Automated summary

Exosomes are extracellular membrane vesicles containing RNA and proteins that play a crucial role in physiological and pathological processes. Skeletal muscle-derived exosomes (SkMCs-Exs) carry myokines, regulate receptor cells, and have effects on pathological states such as injury atrophy, aging, and vascular porosis. Exercise also regulates SkMCs-Exs and has physiological significance.