☆ 4.3 Review

Steroid hormone pathways, vitamin D and autism: a systematic review

JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION (2023)

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Systematic review of prenatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals and autism spectrum disorder in offspring

Salvador Mari-Bauset et al.

Summary: Epidemiological studies are used to explore the relationship between endocrine disrupting chemicals and autism spectrum disorder, but they have inherent methodological limitations. The study found that the most prevalent risk of bias was due to the exclusion of potential confounding factors and the lack of accuracy of exposure assessment methods.

AUTISM (2022)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Is there an association between prenatal testosterone and autistic traits in adolescents?

Niamh Dooley et al.

Summary: This study investigates the association between prenatal testosterone (pT) and autistic traits in adolescents. The results indicate no direct association between pT and autistic traits in this adolescent sample. Exploratory analyses suggest a positive correlation between pT and autistic traits in adolescents with earlier puberty onset, but the statistical robustness of this finding is limited. Further exploratory post-hoc tests suggest that the pT-by-pubertal timing interaction is stronger in males compared to females, in self-reported AQ compared to parent-reported AQ, and specifically for social traits.

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Review Psychology, Developmental

Serum Vitamin D, Folate and Fatty Acid Levels in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Maria Carmen Gallardo-Carrasco et al.

Summary: The deficiency of vitamin and fatty acids in children diagnosed with autism may be related to the etiology and course of the disease. A review of 20 studies found lower levels of vitamin D in children with ASD compared to the control group. It is suggested that the nutritional status of patients diagnosed with ASD should be taken into account for potential improvement in the course of the disease.

JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS (2022)

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Genetic correlates of phenotypic heterogeneity in autism

Varun Warrier et al.

Summary: Comprehensive factor analysis of core diagnostic features provides insights into the complex genetic architecture underlying phenotypic heterogeneity in autism. The study found that common genetic variants were associated with the core factors of autism, but not de novo variants. Higher autism polygenic scores were associated with a lower likelihood of co-occurring developmental disabilities, and autistic females showed a stronger over-inheritance of autism PGS compared to males.

NATURE GENETICS (2022)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

A phenotypic spectrum of autism is attributable to the combined effects of rare variants, polygenic risk and sex

Danny Antaki et al.

Summary: This study reveals that the genetic etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is multifactorial, with rare genetic loads and polygenic risk associated with symptom severity. Additionally, parental age effects on offspring's risk for ASD are influenced by various genetic mechanisms.

NATURE GENETICS (2022)

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Review Psychiatry

Maternal Immune Dysregulation and Autism-Understanding the Role of Cytokines, Chemokines and Autoantibodies

Janna McLellan et al.

Summary: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with multiple etiologies. Maternal immune system dysregulation is a prominent risk factor, and there is emerging evidence for its role as a potential biomarker and pathologically relevant mechanism for ASD development.

FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY (2022)

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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of 1,25(OH)2D/Calcitriol in T Cell Immunity: Does Sex Make a Difference?

Daniela Peruzzu et al.

Summary: This study investigated the different effects of calcitriol in modulating T cell immunity of age-matched male and female healthy donors. The results showed that calcitriol increased vitamin D receptor expression levels and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression levels in T lymphocytes of both sexes. Furthermore, calcitriol only increased the expression level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in T lymphocytes from female healthy donors. These findings provide new insights into the sex-specific anti-inflammatory role of calcitriol in T cell immunity.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

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Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Vitamin D in the Context of Evolution

Carsten Carlberg

Summary: Vitamin D plays a crucial role in regulating physiological processes, including detoxification, energy metabolism, and immune system function. In human evolution, vitamin D endocrinology has been instrumental, particularly in calcium homeostasis and skeletal health.

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Reexamining empathy in autism: Empathic disequilibrium as a novel predictor of autism diagnosis and autistic traits

Ido Shalev et al.

Summary: Research shows that individuals with autism have intact emotional empathy but reduced cognitive empathy. Empathic disequilibrium, or the imbalance between emotional and cognitive empathy, is associated with a higher number of autistic traits in the general population. This study examined the predictive role of empathic disequilibrium and empathy on autism traits and diagnosis. The findings suggest that empathic disequilibrium, specifically a tendency towards higher emotional empathy, predicts both autism diagnosis and social traits, while higher cognitive empathy is associated with non-social autistic traits. Empathic disequilibrium is more prominent in autistic females.

AUTISM RESEARCH (2022)

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Rare coding variation provides insight into the genetic architecture and phenotypic context of autism

Jack M. Fu et al.

Summary: This study investigated genes associated with functional mutations in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and found that some of these genes are also associated with developmental delay (DD). The findings suggest that ASD and DD may share common pathological pathways.

NATURE GENETICS (2022)

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Maternal Vitamin D Levels and the Risk of Offspring Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Minna Sucksdorff et al.

Summary: This study found an association between low maternal 25(OH)D levels during pregnancy and an elevated risk for offspring ADHD. If replicated in independent samples, this finding may have significant public health implications.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY (2021)

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Associations of Maternal Androgen-Related Conditions With Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Progeny and Mediation by Cardiovascular, Metabolic, and Fertility Factors

Ran S. Rotem et al.

Summary: The study found an association between maternal hyperandrogenemia and offspring ASD, with conditions like polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) playing a role in increased ASD risk. Shared genetic or environmental factors may also independently affect maternal androgen homeostasis and fetal neurodevelopment.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (2021)

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Association between early androgens and autistic traits: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Nadia Coscini et al.

Summary: The review of studies investigating the relationship between androgens and autistic behavior found low-quality evidence and mixed results. Despite the interest in the androgen theory of autism, there is currently insufficient evidence to confirm or refute the association between androgens and autistic traits.

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Review Psychiatry

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Whitney Worsham et al.

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Maternal polycystic ovary syndrome and risk of neuropsychiatric disorders in offspring: prenatal androgen exposure or genetic confounding?

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Ina Olmer Specht et al.

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Simon Baron-Cohen et al.

MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY (2020)

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Genetic Contributions to Maternal and Neonatal Vitamin D Levels

Michela Traglia et al.

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CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN (2020)

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Vitamin D Deficiency During Pregnancy and Autism Spectrum Disorders Development

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How 25(OH)D Levels during Pregnancy Affect Prevalence of Autism in Children: Systematic Review

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JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS (2020)

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Prenatal Valproate Exposure and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders and Childhood Autism

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