Preparation methods of different nanomaterials for various potential applications: A review

Nanomaterials are an interesting class of materials that include a wide variety of samples with at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nm. Nanomaterials are cornerstones of nanoscience and nanotech-nology. Controlling the size, shape, and composition of the nanomaterials is an uphill task and have a profound impact on their performance. Along with potential health and safety risks, producing large quantities of high-quality nanomaterials are challenging and expensive. The synthesis and growth process of nanostructures and nanomaterials is one of the key elements in the utilization of nanomaterials and their applications in several sectors. The morphology and structure of nanomaterials depend also on the method used for synthesis and growth. This review discusses the various nanomaterial synthesis methods which are categorized into two main types bottom-up methods and top-down approaches depending on starting precursors of nanoparticle generation. Both approaches are critically discussed, in addition, the advantages and disadvantages of each technique have been reported. The aforementioned approaches can have a potential technological applications, such as nano-molecular electronics, optoelectronics, sensors, energy storage materials, composite materials, nano-biotechnology, nano-medicine, etc.(c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Nanomaterials are a diverse range of materials with at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nm, which are crucial in nanoscience and nanotechnology. The size, shape, and composition of nanomaterials significantly impact their performance, but controlling these factors is challenging and costly. The synthesis and growth processes of nanomaterials play a key role in their application and the methods used determine their morphology and structure. This review discusses the different synthesis methods, categorized as bottom-up and top-down approaches, and their potential technological applications.