4.4 Review

The Cins of Our Fathers: Rejuvenated Interest in Colicins to Combat Drug Resistance

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Summary: It has been almost a century since the discovery of penicillin, and during this time, there has been great enthusiasm and abuse in the development and use of antibiotics. However, the emergence of antibiotic resistance has led to the realization that new types of antimicrobials are needed. Bacteriocins, produced by various types of bacteria and other organisms, have been explored as potential antimicrobials, particularly in the food industry. In recent decades, bacteriocins have shown promise as alternative therapies for treating antibiotic-resistant pathogens. They are highly selective antimicrobials with low cytotoxicity. The application of natural or bioengineered bacteriocins, along with synergistic combinations of bacteriocins and conventional antibiotics, may be the next step in combating drug-resistant pathogens. This overview focuses on the diversity of lactic acid bacteria and their bacteriocins, but also discusses examples from non-lactic acid bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. The therapeutic properties, bioengineering, and combined applications of bacteriocins with conventional antibiotics are evaluated for their potential in human and veterinary medicine.

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