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Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jianhua Yin et al.
Summary: We used single-cell transcriptome sequencing to study the immune responses to the BBIBP-CorV inactivated vaccine. The vaccine induced multiple immune responses, including increased CD16+ monocytes, activated antigen presentation pathways in monocytes, upregulation of T cell activation pathways, enhanced cell-cell communications between innate and adaptive immunity, and induction of regulatory CD4+ T cells. Comparative analysis showed higher antibody levels and expansion of naive T cells in booster dose recipients with a longer interval after the second vaccination. This research enhances our understanding of the immune responses to the BBIBP-CorV vaccine and can inform better vaccination strategies and vaccine design.
Article
Virology
Xuan Yi et al.
Summary: Individuals with a recent common cold coronavirus infection, which provides pre-existing immunity against SARS-CoV-2, experience a milder course of COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between pre-existing immunity and the immune response induced by inactivated COVID-19 vaccines. The researchers analyzed 31 healthcare workers who received two doses of inactivated vaccines and found that the vaccine-induced T cell responses, rather than neutralizing antibodies, correlated closely with pre-existing immunity to SARS-CoV-2. These findings contribute to a better understanding of inactivated-vaccine-induced immunity and its implications for vaccine effectiveness.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yuxin Chen et al.
Summary: This study analyzed the dynamic changes of immune responses after receiving the CoronaVac vaccine. The results showed that CoronaVac can effectively induce circulating and memory B cell and T cell immune responses. Age and interval between doses affect the magnitude of immune responses.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu Gao et al.
Summary: This study found that SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells induced by prior infection or BNT162b2 vaccination provide extensive immune coverage against the Omicron variant. Additionally, T cells induced by BNT162b2 vaccination exhibit higher cross-reactivity to the Omicron variant compared to T cells induced by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Review
Virology
Ikbel Hadj Hassine
Summary: Since the outbreak of Covid-19 in December 2019, there have been over 242 million confirmed cases and nearly 5 million deaths worldwide. Nine Covid-19 vaccine candidates based on the original Wuhan-Hu-1 strain have efficacy over 50%, but face challenges from emerging variants and rare adverse events. Additional effective vaccines are still needed to meet global demand, with promising candidates progressing to clinical studies.
REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jingwen Ai et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a third homologous BBIBP-CorV booster vaccination in healthy adults. The results showed that this booster vaccination was safe and highly immunogenic, broadening participants' immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and Variants of Concern (VOCs).
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Yihao Liu et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccines have demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing severe illness and death. Despite a decline in humoral immunity over time, memory B and T cells remain detectable and can provide a quick recall response. A third booster dose enhances the immune response and improves the durability of protective immunity. Additionally, healthcare workers with low serological response to two doses still possess immune memory that can be quickly recalled by a third dose.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Mohammadreza Salehi et al.
Summary: This study assessed the sensitivity of individuals' sera who had received the BIV1-CovIran candidate vaccine against the Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 and found that the vaccine still exhibited potent neutralizing activity against these variants of concern.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Virology
Yongzheng Li et al.
Summary: The study indicates that T-cell responses from individuals who received CoronaVac vaccination provided significant protection against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, especially with booster doses. Some Omicron mutations may slightly weaken T-cell responses.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Wei Zhao et al.
Summary: This study reported the long-term persistence of antibodies and cellular responses within 12 months after two doses of CoronaVac vaccine. The results showed that binding and neutralizing antibodies could be detected at 1 month after vaccination and remained detectable at significantly higher levels than baseline at 12 months. In addition, the study found that CoronaVac induced functional SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) memory T cells, which persisted up to 12 months after vaccination.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaoqi Yu et al.
Summary: This study characterizes the neutralizing antibody response to the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BBIBP-CorV and assesses its functionality against a range of key SARS-CoV-2 variants. The results show that vaccine-elicited sera have varying degrees of reduction in neutralization against multiple variants, indicating the potential need for additional boost vaccinations.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Fengcai Zhu et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a live-attenuated influenza virus vector-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administered through intranasal spray in healthy adults. The vaccine was well tolerated and elicited a certain level of immune response in adults. Further research is needed to validate intranasal vaccines as a potential supplement to current intramuscular vaccine options.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Giuliana X. Medeiros et al.
Summary: The study found that CoronaVac vaccination induced T cell and/or antibody responses in 96% of individuals, comparable to the response in convalescent patients. However, men and individuals aged 55 years or older who received CoronaVac had significantly lower responses to the Wuhan strain and antigen-induced IL-2 production. The neutralizing antibody responses for the Gamma variant were even lower than for the Wuhan strain. Therefore, individuals above 55 years old who received CoronaVac may benefit from a heterologous third dose/booster vaccine to enhance immune response and protection, considering the emergence of novel variants of concern.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Qiaoli Peng et al.
Summary: This study compares the immunogenicity and durability of BNT162b2-mRNA and CoronaVac-inactivated vaccines in fully vaccinated individuals in Hong Kong. The results show that both vaccines induce neutralizing antibodies and spike-specific CD4 T cell responses, but CoronaVac vaccine induces lower immune responses compared to BNT162b2 vaccine. Against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, CoronaVac vaccine shows weaker neutralizing antibody responses compared to BNT162b2 vaccine. Three months after vaccination, neutralizing antibody levels to variants of concern decrease, along with waning memory T cell responses, especially among CoronaVac vaccine recipients.
Article
Microbiology
Rajesh Vikkurthi et al.
Summary: The inactivated vaccine BBV152 induces robust and persistent immune memory to both SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. The vaccine generates comparable levels of antibodies to natural infection and provides some protection against variant strains. Additionally, the vaccine activates CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and induces follicular T helper cells that assist B cells.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Joey Ming Er Lim et al.
Summary: This study compares the T cell responses in individuals vaccinated with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 or mRNA vaccines. Compared to mRNA vaccines, inactivated vaccines induce a lower magnitude of spike-specific T cell response, but the combination of other protein-specific T cell responses is quantitatively comparable to the spike-specific T cell response induced by mRNA vaccines and can efficiently tolerate the mutations of the Omicron lineage. However, this multi-protein-specific T cell response is primarily mediated by selective priming of CD4 T cells rather than coordinated expansion of CD4 and CD8 T cells.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Virology
Chanchan Xiao et al.
Summary: As the COVID-19 epidemic continues with the emergence of various SARS-CoV-2 variants, understanding the efficacy of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines against these variants is crucial. A study found that a third booster dose of the high-dose inactivated vaccine KCONVAC induced neutralizing antibodies and antigen-specific CD8 T cells against multiple variants. Although the immune response against variants was lower compared to the ancestral strain, it continued to increase after the booster vaccination.
Review
Immunology
Tousief Irshad Ahmed et al.
Summary: This article provides a systematic review and summary of studies on Bharat Biotech's Covaxin. The findings show that Covaxin has a 93.4% efficacy against severe COVID-19, good immunogenicity, and acceptable safety profile. However, Covaxin's immunogenicity performance is relatively inferior and it provides insufficient protection against the Omicron variant.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Carolyn Rydyznski Moderbacher et al.
Summary: NVX-CoV2373 vaccine induces CD4(+) and CD8+ T cell responses, and the production of CD4(+) T cells is correlated with the generation of neutralizing antibodies. This suggests that robust CD4(+) T cell generation may be a key characteristic of NVX-CoV2373 in supporting humoral immune responses.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessandro Sette et al.
Summary: The adaptive immune system, consisting of B cells, CD4(+) T cells, and CD8(+) T cells, plays varying roles in different viral infections and vaccines. Studies are showing that CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and neutralizing antibodies all play a part in controlling SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 cases, emphasizing the importance of understanding adaptive immunity in combating the disease.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katie J. Ewer et al.
Summary: A single dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine can induce favorable immune responses that may help control or prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ajinkya Pattekar et al.
Summary: The study identified immune correlates of NoV protection and persistence and defined the breadth, distribution, and properties of human NoV-specific T-cell immunity, especially in the intestinal mucosa. These findings can guide the development of future vaccines and novel cellular therapeutics.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
C. Buddy Creech et al.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ziwei Li et al.
Frontiers in Immunology
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Rishi R. Goel et al.
Summary: mRNA vaccines exhibit robust serological and cellular priming, with naïve individuals requiring two doses for optimal antibody responses, especially against the B.1.351 variant. Memory B cells specific for spike protein and RBD were efficiently primed by vaccination, while recovered individuals showed significant boosting after the first dose, correlating with preexisting memory B cell levels. Identifying distinct responses based on prior SARS-CoV-2 exposure suggests that recovered subjects may only need one vaccine dose for peak responses, which can inform vaccine distribution strategies in resource-limited settings.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anusha Nathan et al.
Summary: Through structure-based network analysis and assessment of HLA class I peptide stability, mutationally constrained CD8(+) T cell epitopes across the SARS-CoV-2 proteome have been identified. These epitopes have limited mutational frequencies in circulating variants and elicit CD8(+) T cell reactivity in convalescent individuals, but reduced recognition in recipients of mRNA-based vaccines.
Article
Immunology
Mark M. Painter et al.
Summary: The study found that after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination, CD4(+) T cell responses in naïve individuals were fast, while CD8(+) T cell responses developed gradually. Th1 and Tfh cell responses after the first dose were correlated with post-boost CD8(+) T cells and neutralizing antibodies.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nawal Al Kaabi et al.
Summary: This interim analysis of an ongoing randomized trial in the UAE and Bahrain evaluated the efficacy of two inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in preventing symptomatic cases and adverse events in healthy adults. The study found that both vaccines significantly reduced the risk of symptomatic COVID-19 compared to the control group, with efficacy rates of 72.8% and 78.1%. Serious adverse events were rare across all groups.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Madhumita Shrotri et al.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana C. Medeiros-Ribeiro et al.
Summary: In a large prospective phase 4 trial, vaccination with CoronaVac, an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, elicited significantly lower virus-specific IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibodies in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases than in age- and sex-matched healthy control trial participants.
Review
Microbiology
William T. Harvey et al.
Summary: The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has been characterized by the emergence of mutations and variants that impact virus characteristics. Manufacturers are preparing for possible updates to vaccines in response to changes in the virus population, and it is crucial to monitor genetic and antigenic changes alongside experiments to understand the impacts of mutations.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Samuele Notarbartolo et al.
Summary: This study describes the development of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and identifies an effector CD8(+) T cell population with memory precursor-like features.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jialu Zhang et al.
Summary: The study found significant differences in humoral and cellular immune responses induced by different vaccine platforms when administered individually in a mouse model. Boosting with recombinant subunit, adenovirus vectored or mRNA vaccine after two doses of inactivated vaccine improved immune responses compared to a third dose of inactivated vaccine. This provides new ideas for prophylactic vaccination strategy against SARS-CoV-2.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Tanushree Dangi et al.
Summary: Research shows that coronavirus vaccines and previous coronavirus infections can provide broad protection against future coronaviruses, laying the groundwork for the development of universal coronavirus vaccines.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Kristen W. Cohen et al.
Summary: The study reveals that COVID-19 patients have durable broad-based immune responses, including the continuous generation of antibodies, memory B cells, and polyfunctional T cells, which help to rapidly generate antibody responses against virus re-exposure or vaccination.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Annoor Awadasseid et al.
Summary: COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has become a global pandemic, with China being at the forefront of vaccine development. The last inactivated vaccine international clinical trial has been launched in the UAE, showing promising progress in creating efficacious and safe vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jose L. Casado et al.
Summary: This study found that COVID-19 convalescents had greater antibody response and T-cell immunity after receiving the first dose of BNT162b2 vaccine compared to infection-naive individuals, with those having pre-existing T-cell immunity showing nearly all T-cell responses post-vaccination.
CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tingting Ye et al.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hangping Yao et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nina Le Bert et al.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Chee Wah Tan et al.
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Yanchun Peng et al.
Review
Immunology
Zhihui Liang et al.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Jingxian Zhao et al.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2017)
Article
Immunology
Li-Ping Wu et al.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2007)
Review
Immunology
F Sallusto et al.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2004)
Article
Hematology
J Geginat et al.
