Effect of Zn2+-Zr4+ co-substitution on structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of Ba0.5Ca0.5ZnxZrxFe12-2xO19 hexaferrite

In present study, M-type hexaferrite, Ba0.5Ca0.5ZnxZrxFe12-2xO19 (x = 0.00-1.00 with increment of 0.2 per step) were fabricated by the conventional sol-gel technique. The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns certified the exchange of Fe3+ ions by Zn2+-Zr4+ ions. Both the lattice parameters 'a' and 'c' have raised from 5.885 (x = 0.00) to 5.926 angstrom (x = 1.0), and from 23.091 (x = 0.00) to 23.455 angstrom (x = 1.00), respectively. FESEM micrographs display a slight drop in the size of grains with doping. The maximum saturation magnetization (M-S approximate to 73.31 emu/g) was detected for x = 0.2 configuration, that is larger than observed value of M-S of 72.0 emu/g for pure barium hexaferrite material. The value of coercivity (H-C) declines significantly from 2151 to 161 Oe with the increase of Zn2+-Zr4+ doping. Mossbauer spectra have been recorded to determine the preferential site occupancy by Zn2+-Zr4+ dopant ions and also the ionic state of Fe-ions. A Mossbauer spectrum shows a doublet and five sextets. All components are in a high spin state as a result of the Fe3+ ions. The magnetically hard material is converted into a magnetically soft one with the incorporation of Zn2+-Zr4+ dopants. The decreasing trend in M-s is also verified by the Mossbauer results. With Zn2+-Zr4+ co-substitution, the average values of hyperfine field (H-f) decrease from 46.5 (x = 0.0) to 36.9 T (x = 1.0), whereas the comparative size of paramagnetic doublet is increased from 0.5 (x = 0.00) to 12.6% (x = 1.00). These samples have superior saturation magnetization (45.42-71.50 emu/g) and coercivity (161-2151 Oe) with substitution, which can be vital for both low- and high-density magnetic recording media applications. From the dielectric measurements of Ba0.5Ca0.5ZnxZrxFe12-2xO19 (x = 0.0-1.0) hexaferrites, it was observed that the dielectric constant was improved as the Zn2+-Zr4+ co-substitution increased up to x = 0.80. After that, it started to go down for x = 0.20. In addition, the dielectric study suggests dielectric loss (tan delta) capability within the prepared hexaferrites which makes them also suitable for the EMI shielding application.

Automated summary

In this study, M-type hexaferrites Ba0.5Ca0.5ZnxZrxFe12-2xO19 were fabricated using the sol-gel technique. The exchange of Fe3+ ions by Zn2+-Zr4+ ions was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction patterns. The lattice parameters 'a' and 'c' increased as the doping level increased. Scanning electron microscopy images showed a slight decrease in grain size with doping. The highest saturation magnetization was observed for the x = 0.2 configuration. The coercivity decreased significantly with Zn2+-Zr4+ doping. Mossbauer spectra revealed the preferential site occupancy by dopant ions and the ionic state of Fe-ions.