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Article
Infectious Diseases
Jennifer A. Brown et al.
Summary: The transition from EFV to DTG did not have negative impacts on the mental health and HIV/ART-related symptoms of people living with HIV, and potentially showed moderate improvements, supporting the rollout of DTG.
Article
Immunology
Raquel Gonzalez et al.
Summary: This study assessed the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among Mozambican HIV-infected pregnant women during the first year of the pandemic. The results showed that the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in unvaccinated pregnant women in Mozambique was similar to global estimates of approximately 10% in pregnancy for 2021. The study also found that pregnant women with high HIV viral load may have impaired immune response against SARS-CoV-2.
JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Nolan Hassold et al.
Summary: This study analyzed the seroconversion rates and antibody titers in people with HIV (PWH) and impaired CD4(+) T-cell counts after receiving two doses of COVID-19 vaccine. The results showed that PWH with CD4(+) T-cell counts less than 500 cells/μl had significantly lower seroconversion rates and antibody titers compared to those with counts greater than 500 cells/μl, suggesting the need for targeted vaccine strategies in this population.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jennifer A. Brown et al.
Summary: This study aimed to assess the virological impact of transitioning to DTG-based ART in Lesotho and found high levels of viral suppression, indicating encouraging virological outcomes upon transitioning from NNRTI- to DTG-based ART.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Nils Jedicke et al.
Summary: The study assessed the humoral immune response in PLHIV after mRNA vaccination against COVID-19, showing robust immune responses in the majority of PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy, regardless of their CD4 cell nadir, current CD4 count, or CD4:CD8 ratio.
Article
Immunology
Lesley S. Park et al.
Summary: This study analyzed the testing and positivity rates of SARS-CoV-2 among HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals in six diverse cohorts across the United States. The results showed that HIV-positive individuals had higher testing rates, but there was no evidence of increased positivity compared to HIV-negative individuals in the clinical cohorts.
JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alexis Elias Malavazos et al.
Summary: People with abdominal obesity may have a weaker antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, indicating the need for booster vaccines, especially for those with abdominal obesity.
Article
Microbiology
Yang Yang et al.
Summary: Understanding the dynamics of neutralizing antibody responses in COVID-19 convalescents is crucial for controlling the pandemic and guiding vaccination strategies. This study showed that neutralizing antibody titers in COVID-19 convalescents peaked around 120 days after illness onset and subsequently declined, but detectable levels of antibodies were still present in most convalescents after 400-480 days.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Benjamin Speich et al.
Summary: This randomized trial compared the efficacy of Pfizer-BioNTech's BNT162b2 and Moderna's mRNA-1273 vaccines in immunocompromised patients. The results showed that the antibody response of mRNA-1273 was noninferior to BNT162b2, but a high proportion of transplant recipients had no antibody response.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Nicole Wolter et al.
Summary: Seroprevalence studies are crucial for assessing the burden of SARS-CoV-2 infections in resource-constrained countries. In South Africa, there has been a significant number of infections, with less than 10% of cases being diagnosed. Persons living with HIV who are not virally suppressed have lower seroprevalence, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Lauriane Nault et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the immunogenicity of an mRNA anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in HIV-positive individuals. The results showed that HIV-positive individuals with CD4 counts over 250 cells/mm(3) had a similar antibody response to the general population. However, HIV-positive individuals with the lowest CD4 counts (<250 cells/mm(3)) had a weaker response and may require a booster dose. Increasing age was independently associated with decreased immunogenicity.
Article
Immunology
Zabrina L. Brumme et al.
Summary: This study suggests that people living with HIV who have well-controlled viral loads and CD4+ T-cell counts in a healthy range generally have strong humoral responses to dual COVID-19 vaccination. Factors such as age, comorbidities, vaccine brand, response durability, and the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants will impact when individuals with HIV will benefit from additional vaccine doses.
Article
Immunology
Frederique Chammartin et al.
Summary: Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine antibody response in people with HIV were identified. The antibody response was higher in people with HIV under the age of 60, with a CD4(+) cell count greater than 350 cells/mu l, and vaccinated with Moderna's mRNA-1273 compared to Pfizer-BioNTech's BNT162b2. Prior infection with SARS-CoV-2 boosted the antibody response, while smokers had a lower overall antibody response. Elderly people with HIV and those with a low CD4(+) cell count should be prioritized for booster vaccinations.
Article
Virology
Caitlin Stoddard et al.
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between pre-existing antibodies and SARS-CoV-2 infection in mothers and infants. The results showed that pre-existing coronavirus antibodies in mothers increased after SARS-CoV-2 infection, but no increase was observed in infants. This suggests that the response to coronavirus can be boosted by SARS-CoV-2 infection only when a previous memory response has been established.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Michaella-Jana C. Nasr et al.
Summary: There is uncertainty regarding the effectiveness and durability of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in individuals with obesity, as historical data has shown that obesity may impact immune response to influenza vaccines. Current safety and efficacy information for Pfizer, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson vaccines suggests similar efficacy in individuals with and without obesity, but lower antibody titers have been observed in individuals with obesity.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Carlota Dobano et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a cohort of 247 primary health care workers from Barcelona, Spain, up to 616 days since the onset of symptoms. The study found a gradual decline in antibody levels over time but maintained a seropositivity rate of over 90% for five SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Factors such as age, comorbidities, and occupation were associated with antibody levels.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kathryn S. Hensley et al.
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in people living with HIV (PLWH) in the Netherlands. The results showed that PLWH had lower antibody levels compared to HIV-negative controls after completion of the vaccination schedule. Additional vaccinations may be required for PLWH to achieve and maintain similar levels of protection against SARS-CoV-2 as HIV-negative controls.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Hannah C. Lewis et al.
Summary: This study conducted a meta-analysis of population-based seroprevalence studies in Africa to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2. The findings revealed a high seroprevalence in Africa, suggesting a greater population exposure to the virus and potential protection against severe COVID-19 than indicated by surveillance data. The seroprevalence varied significantly within and between countries and demographic groups, highlighting the need for targeted public health and vaccination strategies.
Article
Immunology
Yifan Li et al.
Summary: Prior immune responses to coronaviruses may impact the human response to SARS-CoV-2. There were differences in antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses between participants from Africa and Thailand. These findings have implications for the distribution of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies globally.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Andrea Lombardi et al.
Summary: This study assessed the immunogenicity of the mRNA-1273 vaccine in people living with HIV (PLWHIV). The results showed that in PLWHIV with well-controlled ART, viral suppression, and CD4+ T cell count, inoculation with the mRNA-1273 vaccine produced detectable antibody response, similar to individuals without HIV infection.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Qing Lei et al.
Summary: The study found that combining nucleic acid testing with serological testing significantly increases the detection sensitivity of asymptomatic infections. Asymptomatic individuals mainly produce IgM and IgG antibodies against S1 and N proteins, with S1-specific IgM antibodies potentially serving as early diagnostic biomarkers. Some asymptomatic individuals do not produce neutralizing antibodies, and these antibodies gradually disappear within two months.
Article
Immunology
Andrew Boulle et al.
Summary: In South Africa, living with HIV and having current tuberculosis were independently associated with increased COVID-19 mortality. These findings highlight the impact of these two diseases on COVID-19 risk and demonstrate the associations between age, sex, and other comorbidities with COVID-19 mortality.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Renata Silverio et al.
Summary: COVID-19 is a rapidly spreading disease with elderly individuals and patients with comorbidities at higher risk of severe outcomes. Nutritional status plays a crucial role in infection outcomes, with malnutrition affecting the immune system and body composition affecting disease prognosis.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Matthew A. Spinelli et al.
Summary: Research shows that individuals with HIV are at higher risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes, despite lower SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates, and should be prioritized for vaccination campaigns to prevent severe disease.
Review
Cell Biology
Daniel J. Drucker
Summary: The increased prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors in severe COVID-19 patients has sparked interest in the metabolic aspects of SARS-CoV-2-induced pathophysiology. This update focuses on how metabolic disorders and their co-morbidities affect susceptibility, natural history, and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with obesity and diabetes. New data on genetics, epidemiology, immune responses, disease severity, and therapy are highlighted, informing our understanding of COVID-19 in this vulnerable population.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nicholas S. Hendren et al.
Summary: This study found that obese patients are more likely to be hospitalized with COVID-19, and are at higher risk of in-hospital death or mechanical ventilation, particularly if young (age <= 50 years). Additionally, obese patients are also at higher risk for venous thromboembolism and dialysis. These observations support clear public health messaging and rigorous adherence to COVID-19 prevention strategies in all obese individuals regardless of age.
Article
Infectious Diseases
For Yue Tso et al.
Summary: The study found a higher prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive antibodies in pre-pandemic plasma samples from SSA compared to the USA, indicating potential cross-protection due to prior exposure to other coronaviruses in SSA. The detection of nucleocapsid proteins from HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E in most samples suggests these viruses as the likely sources of cross-reactive antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. The low incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease in SSA may be correlated with pre-pandemic serological cross-recognition of HCoVs, which are more prevalent in SSA than the USA.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Shreya Mukherjee et al.
Summary: Sex differences in ACE2 receptor and TMPRSS2 expression, as well as immunological responses, may explain the disparities in COVID-19 severity and fatality between males and females. Behaviors such as smoking and comorbidities may also contribute to gendered differences in clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infections. An understanding of these sex and gender sensitivities is crucial for the development of effective treatments and therapies for the virus.
JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Eric J. Nilles et al.
Summary: The results from a large prospective SARS-CoV-2 cohort study suggest that obesity strongly influences symptom phenotype among younger age groups but not older age groups; there is no evidence to suggest that obese individuals are at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection; and a remarkably consistent immune activity across BMI categories indicates similar immune protection across these groups.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Irene A. Abela et al.
Summary: The study found that higher levels of HCoV antibodies are associated with SARS-CoV-2 negativity, while in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, higher HCoV activity is associated with elevated SARS-CoV-2 responses. Patients with high HCoV reactivity are less likely to require hospitalization.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marianna Karachaliou et al.
Summary: This study provides an unbiased estimate of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Catalonia and new evidence on the durability and heterogeneity of post-infection immunity.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Yahya Mahamat-Saleh et al.
Summary: This study found that diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and smoking were associated with higher COVID-19 mortality, contributing to nearly 30% of COVID-19 deaths.
Article
Immunology
Matthew Spinelli et al.
Summary: This study compared the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate, disease severity, and immune response between people living with HIV and those without HIV. The findings showed that although fewer infections were detected among people with HIV, they had more severe cases of COVID-19. Lower IgG concentrations and neutralising antibody titres in HIV-positive individuals suggest a diminished immune response to the infection.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Itzchak Levy et al.
Summary: The Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine demonstrates immunogenicity and safety in people living with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (PLWH) who are receiving antiretroviral therapy with unsuppressed CD4 count and suppressed viral load. Adverse events are mainly mild, such as pain at the injection site, fatigue, and headache. Immune response to the vaccine is strong, with high levels of anti-RBD-IgG and neutralizing antibodies observed in both PLWH and immunocompetent health-care workers.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Heather J. Zar et al.
Summary: The study found that antibodies to seasonal human-coronaviruses (sHCoV) have minimal cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV-2 antigens, and are unlikely to explain mild pediatric illnesses attributed to SARS-CoV-2.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Virology
Vicky L. Baillie et al.
Summary: The study found that the endemic Betacoronavirus species tended to peak during the winter months in Zambia; the detection rate of endemic HCoV species was significantly higher in the asymptomatic control group compared to the case group (11% vs. 7.2%). There was no significant association between HIV status and endemic HCoV detection.
Article
Microbiology
Rebecca L. Ursin et al.
Summary: Biological sex plays a role in the outcome of respiratory viral infections, with males being more susceptible at younger and older ages, while females are at higher risk for severe outcomes during reproductive years. Pregnancy and biological sex influence the pathogenesis of respiratory viral infections, and there are consistent sex differences in treatment responses, with females often developing stronger immune responses but experiencing more adverse reactions. Animal models offer insights into the reasons for sex differences in respiratory virus pathogenesis and treatment outcomes.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF VIROLOGY, VOL 8
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Shabir A. Madhi et al.
Summary: This study aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in people with HIV and HIV-negative individuals. The vaccine showed favorable safety and immunogenicity in people with HIV, including heightened immunogenicity in SARS-CoV-2 baseline-seropositive participants.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Mark P. Nicol et al.
Summary: This study investigated the epidemiology of seasonal human coronavirus infections in infants during the first year of life, finding an association with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), particularly with coronavirus-OC43. Seasonal HCoV infections were common and associated with LRTI, requiring further study on the interactions of coronaviruses with bacteria in the pathogenesis of LRTI.
JOURNAL OF THE PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES SOCIETY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Lillian B. Brown et al.
Summary: Current evidence does not suggest that people living with HIV are at significantly higher risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2, but the prevalence of comorbidities associated with COVID-19 severity among PLWH remains a pressing issue. The COVID-19 epidemic has led to decreased access to HIV prevention services and testing, as well as worsened HIV treatment access and virologic control, potentially exacerbating the HIV epidemic.
CURRENT OPINION IN HIV AND AIDS
(2021)
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Infectious Diseases
Simon de Lusignan et al.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2020)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Tu Haitao et al.
MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS
(2020)
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Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sabra Klein et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2020)
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hannah Peckham et al.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tracy Renee Glass et al.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
C. Jessica E. Metcalf et al.
Review
Virology
Michael Berry et al.
Article
Virology
Marietjie Venter et al.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2011)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
James A. Berkley et al.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2010)
