Caregiver burden before heart transplantation and long-term mechanical circulatory support: Findings from the sustaining quality of life of the aged: Transplant or mechanical support (SUSTAIN-IT) study

BACKGROUND: Caregiving for heart failure (HF) patients is burdensome. We examined differences in caregiver burden for 3 groups of older advanced HF patients: (1) supported with mechanical circulatory support (MCS) before heart transplantation (HT MCS), (2) awaiting transplant without MCS (HT non-MCS), and (3) prior to long-term MCS and factors associated with burden.METHOD: From October 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018, we enrolled 276 caregivers for HF patients from 13 U.S. sites: 85 HT MCS, 96 HT non-MCS, and 95 prior to long-term MCS. At enrollment, care-givers completed the Oberst Caregiving Burden Scale (15 items, 2 subscales: time (range = 1-5; higher score = more time spent on task) and difficulty (range = 1-5; higher score = higher difficulty of task) and other measures. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, ANOVA, chi-square tests, and linear regression.RESULT: Overall, caregivers were aged 60.8 & PLUSMN; 9.8 years and predominantly white, female, spouses, well educated, and reported & GE;1 comorbidities. Caregivers overall reported a moderate amount of time spent on tasks and slight task difficulty. Caregivers for HT non-MCS candidates reported significantly less perceived time spent on tasks than caregivers for HT MCS candidates and caregivers for patients prior to long-term MCS (2.2 & PLUSMN; 0.74 vs 2.4 & PLUSMN; 0.74 vs 2.5 & PLUSMN; 0.71, respectively, p = 0.02) and less per-ceived difficulty of tasks (1.2 & PLUSMN; 0.33 vs 1.4 & PLUSMN; 0.53 vs 1.4 & PLUSMN; 0.54, respectively, p = 0.01). Caregiver and patient factors were associated with caregiver burden.CONCLUSIONS: Prior to HT and long-term MCS, caregiver burden was low to moderate. Caregiver fac-tors were predominantly associated with caregiver burden. Understanding caregiver burden and factors affecting caregiver burden may enhance preoperative advanced therapies discussions and guide care-giver support.J Heart Lung Transplant 2023;42:1197-1204 & COPY; Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation.

Automated summary

This study examined caregiver burden among three groups of older advanced heart failure patients, including those supported with mechanical circulatory support (MCS) before heart transplantation, those awaiting transplant without MCS, and those prior to long-term MCS. The results showed that caregivers of MCS patients reported spending more time and experiencing more difficulty in caregiving compared to caregivers of non-MCS patients.