The influence of smoking on the effectiveness of at-home bleaching: A prospective clinical study

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of smoking on tooth whitening and color change after at-home bleaching. Materials and MethodsThis prospective clinical study evaluated two groups of participants: NS-non-smokers (n = 24) and S-smokers (n = 16). All subjects were treated with at-home bleaching using 22% carbamide peroxide (CP) for 1 h/day for 14 days. Color coordinates (L*-luminosity, a*-red-green axis and b*-yellow-blue axis) were obtained before bleaching (D0-baseline), 1 day (D1), 15 days (D15), and 1 month (D30) after bleaching. The whiteness index (WID) and CIEDE2000 color differences (Delta E-00) were calculated for S and NS. Color changes between S and NS subjects for specific teeth (CI-Central Incisors, LI-Lateral Incisors, and C-Canines) were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test (alpha = 0.05). ResultsThere was no significant difference in WID between S and NS subjects at baseline. NS participants showed higher WID than S at D1, D15, and D30 (p < 0.05). NS showed higher Delta WID for CI and C between D0 and the other evaluation times (D1, D15, and D30) compared to S. Smokers showed higher darkening of CI than NS in Delta WID D30-D1 (p < 0.05). Color changes showed similar overall behavior for Delta WID. For all evaluation times, Delta WID and Delta E-00 values were below the corresponding acceptability thresholds. ConclusionAt-home bleaching was effective on smokers and nonsmokers. Smoking negatively affected color stability after bleaching. Delta E-00 and Delta WID were acceptable for both groups. Clinical SignificanceAlthough smoking negatively affected color stability after bleaching, the observed changes were clinically acceptable.

Automated summary

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of smoking on tooth whitening and color change after at-home bleaching. Both smokers and non-smokers underwent at-home bleaching using 22% carbamide peroxide for 14 days. It was found that smoking negatively affected color stability after bleaching, but the observed changes were clinically acceptable.