Changes in cropland soil carbon through improved management practices in China: A meta-analysis

Recommended management practices (RMPs, e.g., manuring, no-tillage, crop residue return) can increase soil organic carbon (SOC), reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and maintain soil health in croplands. However, there is no consensus on how RMPs affect the SOC storage potential of cropland soils for climate change mitigation. Here, based on 2301 comparisons from 158 peer-reviewed papers, a meta-analysis was conducted to explore management-induced SOC stock changes and their variations under different conditions. The results show that SOC stocks in the 0-20 cm layer were increased by 31.8% when chemical fertilization combined with manure application was compared with no fertilizer; 9.98% when no-tillage was compared with plow tillage; and 10.84% when straw return was compared with removal. The RMPs favorably increased SOC stock in arid areas, and in alkaline and fine-textured soils. Initial SOC, carbon-nitrogen ratio, and experimental duration could also affect SOC storage. Compared with the initial SOC stock, RMPs increased the SOC sequestration potential by 2.6-4.5% in the 0-20 cm soil depth, indicating that these practices can help China achieve targets to increase SOC by 4.0%o. Hence, it is essential to implement RMPs for climate change mitigation and soil fertility improvement.

Automated summary

Recommended management practices can increase soil organic carbon, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and maintain soil health in croplands. However, the impact of these practices on the soil organic carbon storage potential remains uncertain. A meta-analysis based on 2301 comparisons from 158 peer-reviewed papers was conducted to investigate the changes in soil organic carbon stocks induced by different management practices. Results showed that chemical fertilization combined with manure application, no-tillage, and straw return all led to significant increases in soil organic carbon stocks. The implementation of these practices is crucial for climate change mitigation and soil fertility improvement.