4.7 Article

Synthetic and biopolymers for lake restoration-An evaluation of flocculation mechanism and dewatering performance

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JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
卷 331, 期 -, 页码 -

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ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117199

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Lake sediment dewatering; Biopolymers; Flocculation mechanism; Lake sediment recycling

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In the context of the global phosphorus crisis and eutrophication issues, lake sediment can be an alternative source of phosphorus after removal from eutrophic lakes. However, the high water content of sediment poses a challenge to the efficient reuse of remaining solids. The use of natural polymeric substances, such as starch or chitosan-based biopolymers, is preferred over synthetic polyacrylamide (PAM)-based polymers to minimize environmental risks. Biopolymers generally form smaller and less shear-sensitive flocs, with lower phosphorus levels in the reject water compared to synthetic polymers. The dewatering performance is influenced by polymer-specific properties, particularly the intrinsic viscosity and surface charge density.
In the frame of the global phosphorus (P) crisis and ongoing eutrophication issues in the environmental sector, lake sediment can be considered as an alternative P source after its removal from eutrophic lakes. However, high water contents make sediment dewatering a crucial step towards the efficient reusability of remaining solids. The application of polymeric substances facilitates solid-liquid separation by flocculation of suspended particles. To lower the environmental risk of contamination with toxic, non-biodegradable monomeric residues during and after the application of synthetic polyacrylamide(PAM)-based polymers, switching to natural polymeric substances (biopolymers), e.g., starch- or chitosan-based, is increasingly emphasized. The dewatering performance of four conventional PAM-based polymers was compared to two starch- and one chitosan-based biopolymer. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the dewatering rate, floc size and strength, and reject water quality. Biopolymers generally caused the formation of smaller but less shear-sensitive flocs, and lower P levels in the reject water compared to synthetic polymers. Dewatering performance was correlated to the most important functioning influencing polymer-specific properties intrinsic viscosity (polymer extension) and surface charge density (CD). Due to the high CD and low intrinsic viscosity of the biopolymers, electrostatic patch flocculation seems to be the favored flocculation mechanism, while for synthetic polymers bridging seems to be dominating. Solid-liquid separation technologies should be adjusted to the resulting floc size and structure, while surface CD and intrinsic viscosity are important properties for the choice of biopolymer. Overall, biopolymers can function as a more environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic products for lake sediment dewatering accompanied by the potential for P recovery.

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