期刊
JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY
卷 393, 期 -, 页码 145-157出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.12.014
关键词
Population dynamics; Evolutionary dynamics; Grandmother hypothesis; Postmenopausal longevity
资金
- Australian Postgraduate Award
- Australian Research Council [DE120101113]
- University of Sydney [BSG176616]
- Australian Research Council [DE120101113] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
We use a two-sex partial differential equation (PDE) model based on the Grandmother hypothesis. We build on an earlier model by Kim et al. (2014) by allowing for evolution in both longevity and age at last birth, and also assuming that post-fertile females support only their daughters' fertility. Similarly to Kim et al. (2014), we find that only two locally stable equilibria exist: one corresponding to great ape-like longevities and the other corresponding to hunter-gatherer longevities. Our results show that grand mothering enables the transition between these two equilibria, without extending the end of fertility. Moreover, sensitivity analyses of the model show that male competition, arising from a skew in the mating sex ratio towards males, plays a significant role in determining whether the transition from great ape-like longevities to higher longevities is possible and the equilibrium value of the average adult lifespan. Whereas grandmothering effects have a significant impact on the equilibrium value of the average age at last birth and enable the transition to higher longevities, they have an insignificant impact on the equilibrium value of the average adult lifespan. (c) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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