On the relationship between the properties of planar structures of non-ionic surfactants and their vesicular analogues - Niosomes

In recent years, the study of niosomes as nanocarriers alternative to liposomes has received increasing attention. In contrast to well-studied liposome membranes, many aspects of the behavior of analogous niosome bilayers have not been studied. This paper considers one of these aspects related to the commu-nication between the physicochemical properties of planar and vesicular objects. We present the first results of comparative studies of Langmuir monolayers of binary and ternary (with cholesterol) mixtures of non-ionic surfactants based on sorbitan esters and niosomal structures assembled from the same materials. The Thin-Film Hydration (TFH) method in the gentle shaking version was used to produce the particles of large sizes, while small unilamellar high quality vesicles with a unimodal distribution of particles were prepared by TFH using ultrasonic treatment and extrusion. An analysis of the structural organization and phase state of monolayers based on compression isotherms and supplemented by ther-modynamic calculations, as well as the results of determining the particle morphology, polarity and microviscosity of niosome shells, made it possible to obtain fundamental data on the intermolecular interactions of the components and their packing in shells and to relate these data to the properties of niosomes. This relationship can be used to optimize the composition of niosome membranes and predict the behavior of these vesicular systems. It was shown that cholesterol excess creates regions of bilayers with increased rigidity (like lipid rafts), which hinders the process of folding film fragments into small niosomes.(c) 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

In recent years, the study of niosomes as alternative nanocarriers to liposomes has gained attention, particularly in understanding the behavior of niosome bilayers. This study compared Langmuir monolayers of binary and ternary mixtures of non-ionic surfactants with niosomal structures assembled from the same materials. The results provided fundamental data on intermolecular interactions, packing, and properties of niosomes, which can be used to optimize their composition and predict their behavior.