Semi-interpenetrating anion exchange membranes using hydrophobic microporous linear poly(ether ketone)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Clustered piperidinium-functionalized poly(terphenylene) anion exchange membranes with well-developed conductive nanochannels

Chenxiao Lin et al.

Summary: In this study, AEMs with clustered ionic groups and ether-bond-free backbone were designed and found to exhibit higher conductivity and lower swelling ratio, showing promising performance in fuel cells.

JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Stable alkoxy chain enhanced anion exchange membrane and its fuel cell

Lv Li et al.

Summary: The effect of side-chain position and polarity on the performance of anion exchange membrane (AEM) was investigated. It was found that additional side-chain and alkoxy chain can promote micro-phase separation and improve water uptake and conductivity of AEMs. The AEM containing alkoxy chain exhibited the highest water uptake, hydroxide conductivity, fuel cell peak power density, and durability.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Simultaneous improvement of anion conductivity and cell durability through the formation of dense ion clusters of F-doped graphitic carbon nitride/quaternized poly(phenylene oxide) composite membrane

Kyu Ha Lee et al.

Summary: In this study, organic-inorganic composite membranes using F-doped porous graphitic carbon nitride (F-p-gC(3)N(4)) were developed to enhance the electrochemical properties and dimensional stability of anion exchange membranes (AEMs). The composite membranes showed high ion conductivity, suitable alkaline durability, and improved fuel cell performance.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Low boiling point solvent-soluble, highly conductive and stable poly (ether phenylene piperidinium) anion exchange membrane

Jie Liu et al.

Summary: In this study, a cheap, highly-conductive, and alkali-resistant anion exchange membrane was synthesized through super acid catalysis. The membrane exhibited high conductivity and good alkaline stability, making it suitable for fuel cell applications.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Impact of side-chains in poly(dibenzyl-co-terphenyl piperidinium) copolymers for anion exchange membrane fuel cells

Hae Min Kim et al.

Summary: This study reports the use of side-chain-type s-PDTP copolymers as ionomers and membranes for anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). These copolymers exhibit high alkaline stability, excellent micromorphology, and high OH- conductivity. The ionomers with moderate ion-exchange-capacity and rational water uptake show optimal AEMFC performance.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

High performance poly(carbazolyl aryl piperidinium) anion exchange membranes for alkaline fuel cells

Wei Yuan et al.

Summary: Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) have the advantage of low cost, but the use and commercialization of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) have always been challenging. This study successfully prepared AEMs and ionomers with non-rotatable rigid carbazole group and piperidinium group, and demonstrated their excellent performance in conductivity, mechanical strength, and stability. Moreover, the fuel cell based on these materials showed outstanding peak power density and long-term stability.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Hydrogen bonding assisted OH- transport under low humidity for rapid start-up in AEMFCs

Wanjie Song et al.

Summary: This study reports an AEM with a urea-based structure that exhibits excellent performance under low humidity conditions. Micro-structure analysis and molecular dynamics simulation show that hydrogen bonding between urea-based structures enhances the self-assembly ability and OH- conduction pathway of the AEM. The hydrogen bond network formed by urea-urea and urea-water groups endows the AEM with excellent water retention ability, reducing the dependence of OH- conduction on humidity. The research provides significant guidance for rapid start-up in AEM fuel cells.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Highly conductive fluorinated poly(biphenyl piperidinium) anion exchange membranes with robust durability

Wei Wei Gou et al.

Summary: Reasonable molecular structure design is particularly important for preparing anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with excellent alkaline resistance, competitive conductivity, and low swelling ratio (SR). In this study, ether-free fluoropolymers were synthesized via a superacid catalyzed reaction and long flexible multipiperidine cation side chains were grafted to different positions of the backbone. The position of the grafted ionic liquid affected the microphase separation structure and ion cluster size in the AEMs.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Polymer Science

Dual-Cation Interpenetrating Polymer Network Anion Exchange Membrane for Fuel Cells and Water Electrolyzers

Lingping Zeng et al.

Summary: Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are crucial in electrochemical devices, and their high ionic conductivity and mechanical stability are vital for commercialization. This study presents a dual-cation interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) membrane with excellent OH- conductivity and mechanical strength, showing promise for applications in fuel cells and water electrolyzers.

MACROMOLECULES (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives

Huanhuan Chen et al.

Summary: Fuel cell technology is a clean energy generation method that enables carbon neutrality. This Perspective highlights recent trends in the fabrication of high-performance anion exchange membranes (AEMs) and identifies future directions. The success in polymer design is expected to lead to the development of long-lasting fuel cells, reducing carbon emissions and facilitating sustainable development.

ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS (2022)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Poly(terphenylene) and Bromohexylated Polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-co-butene)-b-polystyrene Cross-Linked Anion Exchange Membrane with Excellent Comprehensive Performance

Fanghui Wang et al.

Summary: By using a quaternization reaction to cross-link the soft SEBS-C6-Br skeleton with the brittle Qr-m-PTP skeleton, a composite membrane with improved conductivity and stability has been prepared.

ENERGY & FUELS (2022)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Crosslinked poly(m-terphenyl N-methyl piperidinium)-SEBS membranes with aryl-ether free and kinked backbones as highly stable and conductive anion exchange membranes

Kyungwhan Min et al.

Summary: In this study, new high-performance anion exchange membrane (AEM) materials based on crosslinked polymers were developed, exhibiting excellent chemical stability, mechanical properties, and ion conductivity. The membranes demonstrated high water uptake, hydration ability, and dimensional stability, as well as exceptional alkaline stability.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Polyfluorene/Poly(vinylbenzyl chloride) Cross-Linked Anion-Exchange Membranes with Multiple Cations for Fuel Cell Applications

Fei Xu et al.

Summary: In this study, cross-linked AEMs with multiple cations were prepared, showing enhanced mechanical strength and dimensional stability. These AEMs exhibited excellent alkaline stability and conductivity under high temperature and high alkaline conditions, making them promising membrane materials for fuel cells.

ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Comb-shaped polyfluorene with variable alkyl chain length for application as anion exchange membranes

Fei Xu et al.

Summary: In this study, a series of comb-shaped polyfluorene copolymers with different lengths of side chains were developed using superacid-catalyzed Friedel-Grafts polycondensation. The direct introduction of comb-shaped alkyl side chains caused micro-phase separation in the AEMs, and PHPFP-QA with the longest side chain exhibited the highest ionic conductivity and power density. The polyfluorene-based AEMs showed excellent alkaline stability due to stable piperidinium cations and ether-free backbones.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Boron-induced oxygen vacancies for methanol oxidation reaction: selectivity towards formate via non-noble metals

T. R. Naveen Kumar et al.

Summary: This study developed a non-noble-based catalyst with abundant oxygen vacancies for efficient methanol oxidation, resulting in the production of value-added by-product. The catalyst exhibited high current density and selectivity towards formate due to the formation of oxygen vacancies induced by doping, allowing for increased accessibility of methanol molecules on the catalyst surface.

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

On the stability of anion exchange membrane fuel cells incorporating polyimidazolium ionene (Aemion plus ®) membranes and ionomers

Qiliang Wei et al.

Summary: In this study, the performance of anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) using commercial polyimidazolium-based Aemion+(R) as both the ionomer and membrane was reported. Aemion+(R) showed reduced dimensional swelling and higher water permeance compared to previous polybenzimidazolium-based Aemion (R) membranes and ionomers. The reinforcement of Aemion+(R) with a fluorine-free polyolefin substrate enhanced the important properties for fuel cell operation. The highest power density of 1.4 W cm(-2) at 70 degrees C, 250 kP(abs) H-2/O-2 was achieved by using a direct membrane deposition (DMD) approach with an ultrathin 5 mu m membrane. The reinforcement also enabled stable AEMFC operation at 80 degrees C, with a power density of 1.1 W cm(-2) at 80 degrees C, 300 kPa(abs) H-2/O-2.

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS (2022)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Series-Connected Tetracation Partially Cross-Linked Anion Exchange Membranes: Insight towards Consequences of Alkyl Spacer Length

Vikrant Yadav et al.

Summary: This study systematically investigates the impact of alkyl spacer chain length on the performance of a multication anion exchange membrane. Results show that a partially cross-linked membrane with butyl spacer between cations exhibits the highest ionic conductivity, while a longer decyl spacer chain leads to decreased water uptake and ionic conductivities. The AEM-Q5-C4 membrane shows promising potential for brackish water electrodialysis with high NaCl removal percentage and energy efficiency.

ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Poly(Alkyl-Terphenyl Piperidinium) Ionomers and Membranes with an Outstanding Alkaline-Membrane Fuel-Cell Performance of 2.58 W cm-2

Nanjun Chen et al.

Summary: The study introduces aliphatic chain-containing PDTP copolymers to enhance the performance of AEMFCs. By reducing phenyl content in AEIs and improving mechanical properties in AEMs, PDTP materials exhibit excellent performance indicators such as mechanical properties, fuel barrier properties, ion conductivity, and stability.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Mechanically robust semi-interpenetrating polymer network via thiol-ene chemistry with enhanced conductivity for anion exchange membranes

Weihong Yang et al.

Summary: Introducing flexible polyvinyl alcohol to the rigid photo-crosslinked poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) network, a series of semi-interpenetrating polymer network AEMs were prepared with tunable composition and mechanical property. Among these membranes, the one with an IEC of 1.46 mmol/g showed the highest mechanical strength, lower swelling ratio, and the highest hydroxide conductivity.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2021)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Side-chain manipulation of poly (phenylene oxide) based anion exchange membrane: Alkoxyl extender integrated with flexible spacer

Lv Li et al.

Summary: In this study, the effects of different side chain structures on anion exchange membranes (AEMs) were investigated. It was found that introducing both alkoxyl extender and spacer can significantly improve the water absorption and ion conductivity of the membrane. AEMs containing both spacer and alkoxyl extender exhibited higher hydroxide conductivity and alkali stability compared to other membranes with similar ion exchange capacities.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Electron-Donating C-NH2 Link Backbone for Highly Alkaline and Mechanical Stable Anion Exchange Membranes

Fan Zhang et al.

Summary: By converting C=O groups to C-NH2 linkages, the stability of poly(arylene ether ketone) materials can be improved, increasing hydroxide transport sites, enhancing conductivity, and tensile strength.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2021)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Preparation and study of spirocyclic cationic side chain functionalized polybiphenyl piperidine anion exchange membrane

Fanghui Wang et al.

Summary: Research on ion conductivity and mechanical stability of anion exchange membranes has made great progress, but the focus is now on preparing AEMs with high alkali stability. By introducing the alkali-stable cation BOP-ASU into AEMs, high ion conductivity and excellent alkali stability were achieved, showing potential for application in anion exchange membrane fuel cells.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Surface engineering of intrinsically microporous poly(ether-ether-ketone) membranes: From flat to honeycomb structures

Mahmoud A. Abdulhamid et al.

Summary: The surface engineering of polymeric membranes through control of polymer molecular weight can significantly impact membrane properties, such as solvent permeance, demonstrating the importance of this approach in enhancing membrane performance.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Constructing micro-phase separation structure to improve the performance of anion-exchange membrane based on poly(aryl piperidinium) cross-linked membranes

Xinming Du et al.

Summary: By introducing a new preparation method, poly(biphenyl piperidine)s AEMs with micro-phase separation structures have been successfully constructed, improving alkaline stability while maintaining high ionic conductivity. The long-term performance under alkaline conditions is also excellent.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2021)

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Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Side-Chain-Type Anion Exchange Membranes Based on Poly(arylene ether sulfone)s Containing High-Density Quaternary Ammonium Groups

Kaiqi Wang et al.

Summary: A series of side-chain-type poly(arylene ether sulfone)s were designed and synthesized to obtain anion exchange membranes with high ionic conductivity and good dimensional stability. One specific membrane, PAES-QDTPM-0.30, showed excellent conductivity and stability due to the concentration of ion clusters and the side-chain-type structure. The membranes all maintained over 82% of their conductivity after alkali treatment.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

High chemical stability anion exchange membrane based on poly(aryl piperidinium): Effect of monomer configuration on membrane properties

Chuan Long et al.

Summary: Ether-free polyaryl polymers prepared by superacid-catalyzed FriedelCrafts polymerization have attracted research interest for anion exchange membranes due to their high alkali resistance and simple synthesis methods. Further investigation is needed to explore the selection of monomers for high-performance polymer backbone and the relationship between polymer structure construction and properties.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Poly(arylene piperidine) Anion Exchange Membranes with Tunable N-Alicyclic Quaternary Ammonium Side Chains

Dong Pan et al.

Summary: To develop anion exchange membranes with high chemical stability and hydroxide conductivity, poly(arylene piperidine)s carrying mono- or dicationic side chains were synthesized. Series 1 AEMs showed excellent alkaline stability and high hydroxide conductivity, suitable for harsh alkaline conditions, while series 2 AEMs exhibited higher conductivity under moderate water uptake but were more vulnerable to hydroxide attack.

ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Multication Cross-Linked Poly(p-terphenyl isatin) Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells: Effect of Cross-Linker Length on Membrane Performance

Tuo Zhao et al.

Summary: Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) for fuel cells were developed by introducing multication cross-linkers into poly(p-terphenyl isatin), resulting in high performance and long-term stability. The length of the cross-linker influenced membrane performance, with hexyl spacer chains achieving the highest hydroxide ion conductivity. Additionally, alkyl spacer chains and cross-linked networks contributed to excellent membrane alkali stability.

ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Poly(fluorenyl aryl piperidinium) membranes and ionomers for anion exchange membrane fuel cells

Nanjun Chen et al.

Summary: The study presents a series of durable poly(fluorenyl aryl piperidinium) ionomers and membranes with high OH- conductivity and excellent mechanical properties for improved performance of alkaline fuel cells. Innovative design of poly(fluorenyl aryl piperidinium) copolymers is explored to extend their applications in anion exchange membrane fuel cells.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

The alkaline stability and fuel cell performance of poly(N-spirocyclic quaternary ammonium) ionenes as anion exchange membrane

Xiaoqin Qiao et al.

Summary: By designing and preparing polymer based on different spirocyclic ionenes, their stability in alkaline and fuel cells was investigated. Blending membranes using spirocyclic ionenes with phenyl or biphenyl rings showed good performance at high temperature, but unexpected degradation was observed in fuel cell device durability testing.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Anion exchange membranes with fast ion transport channels driven by cation-dipole interactions for alkaline fuel cells

Weisheng Yu et al.

Summary: The newly designed PEG-grafted imidazolium-containing flexible-side-chain type anion exchange membrane shows better performance in improving OH- conductivity, enhancing the hydrophilicity of AEMs, and reducing their dependence on relative humidity. The alkaline stability of PEG-grafted AEMs has been improved by reducing the electrophilicity of imidazolium through electrostatic interactions.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Highly conductive hydroxide exchange membranes containing fluorene-units tethered with dual pairs of quaternary piperidinium cations

Andrit Allushi et al.

Summary: This study focused on developing anion exchange membranes (AEMs) with high alkaline stability and hydroxide conductivity by functionalizing fluorene units with dual pairs of quaternary piperidinium cations. The AEMs with bisPip side chains demonstrated superior conductivity and alkaline stability compared to AEMs with monoPip cations per fluorene unit, highlighting the advantage of locally concentrating the cations in the polymer structure.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Fabrication of High-Alkaline Stable Quaternized Poly(arylene ether ketone)/Graphene Oxide Derivative Including Zwitterion for Alkaline Fuel Cells

Kyu Ha Lee et al.

Summary: A series of novel anion-exchange composite membranes with improved ion conductivity and alkaline stability were prepared in this study, providing a new strategy for potential application of AEMFCs.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Branched, Side-Chain Grafted Polyarylpiperidine Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Application

Lei Bai et al.

Summary: The study reports the synthesis of ether-free polymers with different degrees of Y-shaped branching as AEM materials, which can increase the free volume of the AEM and thus help build ion channels with lower hydroxide ion transport resistance, improving the ionic conductivity.

ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Highly Stable and Conductive Multicationic Poly(biphenyl indole) with Extender Side Chains for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Chuan Long et al.

Summary: By adjusting the polymer structure and alkyl chain modification, a high-performance and alkaline-stable anion exchange membrane with high ionic conductivity and excellent alkaline stability was successfully prepared. The membrane showed promising potential for application in anion exchange membrane fuel cells.

ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Ionomer Significance in Alkaline Direct Methanol Fuel Cell to Achieve High Power with a Quarternized Poly(terphenylene) Membrane

Vicente Galvan et al.

Summary: In recent years, direct alkaline fuel cells have seen a rapid performance increase due to improvements in the anion exchange membrane and oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts. Research has shown that changing the cation structures of anion exchange ionomers plays a significant role in methanol oxidation reactions on PtRu/C catalysts. Additionally, the use of a poly(terphenylene) membrane and anode containing anion exchange ionomers can achieve high power densities with low catalyst loading.

ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Self-aggregating cationic-chains enable alkaline stable ion-conducting channels for anion-exchange membrane fuel cells

Jianjun Zhang et al.

Summary: The precise manipulation of the polyelectrolyte self-assembly process to form specific microstructures with ion-conducting channels is crucial for various fields. By introducing dipolar ethylene oxide spacers in the cationic side chain, a new strategy for designing self-aggregating side chains with optimized alkaline stability has been developed, leading to the creation of AEMs with enhanced conductivity and alkaline stability. This innovative concept shows promising results in terms of hydroxide conductivity, peak power density, and alkaline stability in fuel cell applications.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical