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Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
John P. Bilezikian et al.
Summary: This work reviews and discusses controversial topics regarding vitamin D, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and COVID-19. The International Conferences Controversies in Vitamin D are workshops that started in 2017 and feature international experts and leaders in the field. The fifth annual conference was held in Stresa, Italy, in September 2021.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Valeria Conti et al.
Summary: Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) refers to the development of persistent symptoms and/or complications in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. The pathogenesis and course of this syndrome are influenced by factors such as age, sex/gender, and pre-existing conditions. The lack of precise diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers complicates the clinical management of patients. This review aims to summarize recent evidence on the factors influencing PCS, possible biomarkers, and therapeutic approaches.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Luigi di Filippo et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the levels of vitamin D in COVID-19 patients and control subjects, and found a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in COVID-19 patients. The levels of vitamin D were correlated with disease worsening, suggesting that vitamin D levels may have an impact on the outcomes of COVID-19.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yapeng Su et al.
Summary: Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) is an emerging global crisis, and the quantifiable risk factors and biological associations are not well understood. In this study, a deep multi-omic investigation was conducted on 309 COVID-19 patients, and four PASC-anticipating risk factors were identified at the time of initial diagnosis. The study also observed changes in immune states during recovery from COVID-19.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Mohamad Salim Alkodaymi et al.
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of persistent symptoms and signs at least 12 weeks after acute COVID-19 and found that a large proportion of patients experience post-acute COVID-19 syndrome 3 to 12 months after recovery from the acute phase of COVID-19. However, available studies of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome are highly heterogeneous. Future studies need to have appropriate comparator groups, standardized symptom definitions and measurements, and longer follow-up.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Harsha Anuruddhika Dissanayake et al.
Summary: Multiple observational studies involving nearly 2 million adults suggest that vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency increases susceptibility to COVID-19 and severe COVID-19, although with a high risk of bias and heterogeneity. Association with mortality was less robust. Heterogeneity in RCTs precluded their meta-analysis.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
A. Giustina et al.
Summary: The efforts of the international endocrine community have led to important insights into the endocrine and metabolic aspects of COVID-19, which are now widely recognized. These advances have significant implications for preventing and managing COVID-19.
REVIEWS IN ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Luigi di Filippo et al.
Summary: COVID-19 patients may experience various endocrine manifestations, such as hypocalcemia, vertebral fractures, and vitamin D deficiency, which could negatively impact disease severity, inflammatory response, thrombotic markers, and mortality. Prompt assessment, monitoring, and calcium replacement are recommended to prevent severe complications.
REVIEWS IN ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Luigi di Filippo et al.
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D (VD) levels and inflammatory response, body mass index (BMI), blood glucose, and disease severity in COVID-19 patients. The study found a close association between VD deficiency and high blood glucose, obesity, as well as worse inflammatory response and respiratory parameters.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mainak Banerjee et al.
Summary: It remains unclear whether newly diagnosed diabetes during acute COVID-19 persists in the post-acute COVID phase. This meta-analysis aimed to summarize available literature and estimate the risk of developing incident diabetes following hospital discharge or at least 28 days after COVID-19 diagnosis. The analysis showed a 59% higher risk of developing incident diabetes in the post-acute COVID-19 phase compared to healthy controls. Similar results were observed when comparing COVID-19 to severity matched non-COVID-19 respiratory tract infections.
PRIMARY CARE DIABETES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yan Xie et al.
Summary: This study found an increased risk and burden of incident diabetes and antihyperglycaemic use in people with COVID-19 in the post-acute phase compared to a contemporary control group. The risks and burdens of post-acute outcomes were related to the severity of the acute phase of COVID-19.
LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Miguel Galan et al.
Summary: Long-COVID is a syndrome characterized by persistent symptoms and signs of COVID-19 even after weeks or months of infection. The underlying mechanisms are unclear, but immune dysregulation and certain clinical and demographic factors may contribute to the development of this condition. Accurate diagnostic biomarkers can help improve the management of Long-COVID patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Giuseppe Maglietta et al.
Summary: This study investigates the association between factors present during COVID-19 hospitalization and long-term sequelae. The findings suggest that female sex and acute disease severity may serve as independent prognostic factors. Further longitudinal studies with longer follow-up are needed to confirm these results and develop targeted prevention and management strategies for individuals at higher risk for PCS.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Honghao Lai et al.
Summary: There is a strong association between COVID-19 and incident diabetes, with COVID-19 patients at a higher risk of developing both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Men and individuals with type 2 diabetes are at a greater risk.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Vincenzo Galluzzo et al.
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence and associated factors of vitamin D deficiency in COVID-19 survivors and the relationship between vitamin D status and physical performance. The findings indicate that vitamin D deficiency is frequent in COVID-19 survivors, especially in older adults. Low vitamin D levels are associated with poor physical performance, particularly in old age.
MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Kin Israel Notarte et al.
Summary: This systematic literature review and meta-analysis aimed to identify risk factors for the development of long COVID-19. The study found that advancing age was not associated with long COVID-19, but female sex was a risk factor. Additionally, medical comorbidities such as pulmonary disease, diabetes, obesity, and organ transplantation were also identified as potential risk factors.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Irma Clemente et al.
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the psychological status and inflammatory status of long-COVID patients. The results showed that patients recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection continue to experience a systemic inflammatory state and are at high risk for developing somatization, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances even three months after infection. Interestingly, ferritin levels were strongly correlated with sleep disorders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Laura Bogliolo et al.
Summary: This study investigated the association between vitamin D levels and mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The results showed no significant association between vitamin D deficiency and mortality.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
C. Kedor et al.
Summary: Some COVID-19 patients experience long-lasting symptoms, such as fatigue and exertion intolerance, even after recovery. These symptoms are similar to those seen in non-COVID-19 patients and may be related to low-level inflammation and hypoperfusion.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Javier Garcia-Abellan et al.
Summary: Patients with 1-year duration long-COVID-19 syndrome exhibit a distinct immunologic phenotype that includes a poorer SARS-CoV-2 antibody response, low-degree chronic inflammation that tends to mitigate, and autoimmunity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alan L. L. Fernandes et al.
Summary: This study investigated the effects of a single dose of 200,000 IU of vitamin D-3 on persistent or new symptoms and quality of life in moderate to severe COVID-19 patients after hospitalization. The findings suggest that vitamin D-3 does not provide significant benefits compared to placebo in managing these symptoms and improving quality of life.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ting Zhang et al.
Summary: There is an increased risk of new-onset diabetes after COVID-19 infection, especially within the first 3 months. Patients of all ages and genders are at higher risk for developing diabetes after COVID-19.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Luigi di Filippo et al.
Summary: In the multifaceted COVID-19 clinical scenario characterized by a multi-system disorder, a distinctive osteo-metabolic phenotype with an independent influence on disease severity and recovery of patients affected was early reported.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Luigi di Filippo et al.
Summary: VFs, an important component of the endocrine phenotype of COVID-19, appear to influence respiratory function in COVID-19 survivors. This study suggests that VFs assessment may help identify patients needing more intensive respiratory follow-up and patients with persistent respiratory impairment without pulmonary disease may benefit from VFs assessment to prevent further fractures and respiratory deterioration.
Article
Neurosciences
Eman Y. Khairy et al.
Summary: This study found that vitamin D supplementation can significantly alleviate the aging-related reductions in brain BDNF levels, AChE and antioxidant enzyme activities, and elevation in malondialdehyde levels and caspase-3 activity. Furthermore, brain BDNF levels were positively correlated with serum vitamin D levels and brain AChE activity, and negatively correlated with brain malondialdehyde levels and caspase-3 activity in the supplemented groups.
NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
A. V. Raveendran et al.
Summary: This study reviewed the association and consequences of Post Covid-19 syndrome (PCS) and diabetes, finding that PCS symptoms can be caused by various factors including organ dysfunction, effects of hospitalization and drugs, and diabetes also influences PCS through multiple pathophysiological mechanisms.
DIABETES & METABOLIC SYNDROME-CLINICAL RESEARCH & REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Francesco Tecilazich et al.
Summary: Epidemiological data suggest a rise in diabetes and diabetic retinopathy prevalence. Vitamin D deficiency is common in diabetes patients, and studies have explored its association with DR. Further research is needed to determine if Vitamin D supplementation can protect against DR.
REVIEWS IN ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Vanessa Bianconi et al.
Summary: The study found that there was no significant difference in serum Vit-D level between COVID-19 patients and sepsis inpatients, and Vit-D level was not significantly correlated with the severity of COVID-19. Both Vit-D deficiency and severe Vit-D deficiency were not associated with a higher risk of ICU admission or in-hospital death, indicating that Vit-D may not be a useful biomarker for predicting prognosis in COVID-19 patients.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
John P. Bilezikian et al.
Summary: The conference discussed the important role of vitamin D in skeletal and extra-skeletal systems, recommending personalized management based on the specific mechanisms underlying vitamin D deficiency in different diseases. Furthermore, the supplementation of vitamin D in COVID-19 and the optimal route of administration for vitamin D in different clinical conditions were also discussed.
REVIEWS IN ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Cesar Fernandez-de-las-Penas et al.
Summary: The symptoms of long-haulers of COVID-19 can be classified into potentially infection-related, acute post-COVID, long post-COVID, and persistent post-COVID stages. Establishing time reference points is crucial, while the plethora of symptoms affecting multiple systems suggests the presence of different underlying mechanisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Zsolt Gall et al.
Summary: The review highlights the importance of the neuronal effects of 1,25(OH)2D in cognitive development and maintenance, as well as the association between vitamin D deficiency and neurological disorders. It also discusses the expression of vitamin D receptors in the central nervous system and the potential implications for therapeutic applications.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Iacopo Chiodini et al.
Summary: This meta-analysis found that vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 hospitalization, ICU admission, and mortality. Patients with low vitamin D levels are more susceptible to severe outcomes of COVID-19.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
David A. Jolliffe et al.
Summary: Vitamin D supplementation was found to be safe and reduce the risk of acute respiratory infections, especially when administered in daily doses of 400-1000 IU for up to 12 months and to participants aged 1.00-15.99 years. However, the relevance of these findings to COVID-19 is uncertain and further investigation is needed.
LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Irene Campi et al.
Summary: In COVID-19 patients, low 25OHD levels were inversely correlated with high IL-6 levels and were independent predictors of COVID-19 severity and mortality.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Luigi Di Filippo et al.
Summary: An emerging feature of COVID-19 is a clinically relevant osteo-metabolic phenotype characterized by acute hypocalcaemia and chronic hypovitaminosis D, with a high prevalence of vertebral fractures. This phenotype might have negative effects on disease severity and could potentially be targeted for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection and poor COVID-19 outcomes.
NATURE REVIEWS ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Liam Townsend et al.
Summary: A study investigated the relationship between vitamin D and persistent fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance following COVID-19, but found no association between the two.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mohammed Ali Gameil et al.
Summary: Research found that COVID-19 survivors showed abnormal clinical and biochemical changes in blood pressure, blood inflammatory response, liver function, and other biochemical indicators, which require comprehensive medical care and long-term follow-up.
EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Israel Parra-Ortega et al.
Summary: This study found that 84% of critical COVID-19 patients had vitamin D deficiency, and serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with mortality in these patients. Further analysis revealed that age, body mass index, other risk factors, and 25(OH)D levels were independent predictors of mortality.
NUTRITION RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Andrea Giustina
Summary: The review suggests that there may be an endocrine phenotype related to COVID-19, with a correlation between 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels and different clinical outcomes of the disease. Therefore, various endocrine manifestations of COVID-19 could potentially be explained in the context of inadequate vitamin D status.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alberto Caballero-Garcia et al.
Summary: Vitamin D supplementation may reduce indicators of muscle damage in elderly COVID-19 patients during the recovery phase, potentially contributing to improvements in their health status and quality of life.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
M. Puig-Domingo et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant changes in our daily clinical practice and social relations. The endocrine system plays a crucial role in the disease, with diabetes being a major comorbidity associated with severity and mortality of COVID-19. Obesity, lack of vitamin D, adrenal insufficiency, and other factors also impact the outcome of COVID-19 patients. Adequate management and consideration of endocrine implications in vaccination are essential.
Article
Respiratory System
Swapna Mandal et al.
Summary: Following discharge from hospital, a significant number of COVID-19 patients continue to experience persistent symptoms such as breathlessness, cough, fatigue, and depression. Some patients also show elevated levels of biomarkers indicating ongoing health issues. Chest radiographs reveal abnormalities in a considerable portion of patients, with a small percentage showing deterioration.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Luigi di Filippo et al.
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence and clinical impact of vertebral fractures (VFs) in COVID-19 patients, finding that patients with VFs were more likely to have comorbidities like hypertension and coronary artery disease, require noninvasive mechanical ventilation, and have a higher mortality rate, especially those with severe VFs. The study suggests that morphometric thoracic vertebral evaluation should be performed in all suspected COVID-19 patients undergoing chest x-rays.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Khaled K. Al Dossari et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS
(2020)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Magdalena Nowaczewska et al.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
A. Giustina et al.
REVIEWS IN ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC DISORDERS
(2020)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
John P. Bilezikian et al.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nipith Charoenngam et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rebecca De Lorenzo et al.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Manoj Sivan et al.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2020)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Andrea Giustina et al.
Letter
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Luigi Di Filippo et al.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Matheus Garcia et al.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Roger Bouillon et al.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Christopher T. Sempos et al.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2018)
Review
Rheumatology
Shawn D. Ellis et al.
Article
Pediatrics
Johanne Haugen et al.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2017)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Atekeh Hadinezhad Makrani et al.
KOREAN JOURNAL OF PAIN
(2017)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Karl Olsson et al.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Akira Wagatsuma et al.
BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2014)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Shoaib Afzal et al.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
(2013)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anat Tsur et al.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
GA Plotnikoff et al.
MAYO CLINIC PROCEEDINGS
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