期刊
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
卷 390, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136015
关键词
Ullmann condensation; Cu(II) complex; Heterogeneous catalyst; poly(amidoxime); Jute fiber; Nanocellulose
A bio-degradable and environmentally friendly Cu(II) complex was synthesized from a jute nanocellulose-based poly(amidoxime) ligand for Ullmann condensation and synthesis of flexible liquid crystals. This complex exhibited excellent catalytic performance and could be easily recovered and reused.
A bio-degradable and environmentally friendly heterogeneous Cu(II) complex have been synthesized from a jute nanocellulose-based poly(amidoxime) ligand for Ullmann condensation and synthesis of flexible liquid crystals. The bio-nanocellulose surface was modified via graft co-polymerization with acrylonitrile, and the poly(acry-lonitrile) was converted into a bidentate poly(amidoxime) ligand via amidoximation. Further, this ligand was treated with an aqueous solution of CuSO4 resulted in strong complex formation (NCL-Cu(II)@PA) between the amidoxime ligands and Cu(II) species. This Cu(II) complex was successfully characterized and applied to the C-O bond formation via Ullmann condensation using ultra low loading (5-50 mol ppm of Cu) of metal species. A variety of alkyl/benzyl halides and 1-phenyl-2-bromoethanone were selectively forwarded the Ullmann condensation to afford the corresponding ethers quantitatively at room temperature. The NCL-Cu(II)@PA provided excellent catalytic performance in the condensation reaction with unrivalled TON 180000 and TOF 9000 h-1. The NCL-Cu(II)@PA was easily recovered from the reaction vessel and reused for up to seven cycles without a noteworthy drop in the respective ether. Furthermore, some azobenzene core flexible liquid crystal derivatives were also synthesized using the nanocellulose-based catalyst NCL-Cu(II)@PA. According to the STM results, the lengths of the bright aromatic disc-core and the azobenzene units were 0.77 +/- 0.1 nm and 1.0 +/- 0.2 nm.
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