Cell-free circulating RAS mutation concentrations significantly impact the survival of metastatic colorectal cancer patients

PurposeRAS mutations are predictors of an adverse outcome in EGFR-targeted therapies and have been proposed as prognostic biomarkers of survival in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The analysis of circulating tumor DNA from plasma samples, known as liquid biopsies, has indicated that the RAS mutation status may change over time, potentially affecting patients' prognosis. To further evaluate the clinical validity of RAS mutation retesting using liquid biopsies, we prospectively investigated the impact of the circulating quantitative RAS mutation status on the course of mCRC.MethodsThe present study included 81 consecutively recruited patients with mCRC. We used targeted next-generation sequencing of circulating cell-free DNA to determine and quantify plasma RAS mutation status.ResultsPatients with a RAS mutation detected by liquid biopsy (37%; n = 30) were at increased risk of death during the follow-up period compared to RAS wild-type patients. Patients with evidence of a RAS mutation in the primary tumor but a putative RAS mutation loss in plasma (28%; n = 11) showed a prolonged survival compared to patients with a preserved RAS mutation status. Also, circulating RAS mutation concentrations significantly affected the outcome: The mortality risk of patients with a high RAS mutation concentration increased fivefold compared to subjects with a putative RAS mutation loss or low RAS mutation concentration.ConclusionOur results emphasize the clinical value of circulating RAS mutations in managing mCRC.

Automated summary

RAS mutations in liquid biopsies may change over time and affect the prognosis of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. A study on 81 mCRC patients found that patients with a RAS mutation detected by liquid biopsy had a higher risk of death, while patients with a disappearing RAS mutation in liquid biopsy had a prolonged survival. The concentration of circulating RAS mutation also significantly affected the outcome.