The ups and downs of Pax6 in neural stem cells

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Histone acetyltransferase KAT2A modulates neural stem cell differentiation and proliferation by inducing degradation of the transcription factor PAX6

Zhangji Dong et al.

Summary: The proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) rely on the proper expression and posttranslational modifications of transcription factors. In this study, we demonstrated that inhibition of the histone acetyltransferase KAT2A led to small eyes in developing zebrafish embryos, associated with increased proliferation and apoptosis of NSCs in zebrafish eyes. We found that the elevated level of PAX6 protein mediated this phenotype, and further confirmed that KAT2A negatively regulates PAX6 at the protein level in cultured rat cerebral cortex neural stem cells. Our study revealed that PAX6 is a novel acetylation substrate of KAT2A, and its acetylation promotes ubiquitination and degradation of PAX6. The KAT2A/PAX6 axis plays a crucial role in maintaining a balance between self-renewal and differentiation of NSCs.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2023)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Thirty Years' History since the Discovery of Pax6: From Central Nervous System Development to Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Shohei Ochi et al.

Summary: Pax6 is a transcription factor that plays important roles in the central nervous system, regulating transcription and influencing the development and function of various cell types. It is involved in brain patterning, neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Mutations in Pax6 gene have been associated with eye and neurodevelopmental disorders.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

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Review Cell Biology

Progenitor-Based Cell Biological Aspects of Neocortex Development and Evolution

Samir Vaid et al.

Summary: This article mainly discusses the key cell biological features of neural progenitor cells in cell fate decisions, with a focus on the radial processes emanating from these cells. In addition, it explores the species-specific differences in these cell biological features and the role of cell cycle parameters in neocortical expansion.

FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Cell Biology

Conservation of neural progenitor identity and the emergence of neocortical neuronal diversity

Belal Shohayeb et al.

Summary: This review discusses the fundamental molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating neural progenitor function and neuronal diversity generation, as well as the essential structural features of cortical neurons' origin, proliferation, and differentiation. Furthermore, researchers have also explored how individual neuronal identity emerges as a result of exposure to temporally regulated extrinsic cues.

SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Cell Biology