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Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alon Gutfreund et al.
Summary: The interplay between magnetism and superconductivity can give rise to unconventional proximity and Josephson effects. A recent phenomenon attracting considerable attention is the superconducting diode effect, where a nonreciprocal critical current emerges. Although superconducting diodes based on superconductor/ferromagnet (S/F) bilayers were demonstrated more than a decade ago, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The authors directly observe asymmetric vortex dynamics that reveal the mechanism behind the superconducting vortex diode effect in Nb/EuS (S/F) bilayers.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Condensed Matter
M. Y. Li et al.
Summary: An unusual Josephson effect was observed in a TI-based Josephson junction with a ferromagnetic insulator trilayer featuring noncoplanar magnetizations. The study demonstrated the presence of equal fractional spin-singlet and -triplet correlations due to the chiral Dirac energy band structure influenced by magnetism tuning. An anomalous Josephson supercurrent was exhibited, where a 0-pi or similar 0-pi state transition was induced by the exchange field strength of the first FI region. Furthermore, both the phi (0) supercurrent and the maximum value decreased gradually with increasing exchange field strengths of the second and third FI regions without any relative state transitions.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Christian Baumgartner et al.
Summary: This study introduces the design and application of non-reciprocal superconducting devices. By fabricating and measuring Josephson junctions, researchers have successfully achieved rectification of supercurrent and proposed a semi-quantitative model to explain the experimental data.
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Akito Daido et al.
Summary: Based on recent experiments, this study proposes an intrinsic mechanism for the superconducting diode effect and investigates the relationship between the asymmetry of the depairing current and temperature/magnetic field, revealing the rich phase diagram and functionalities of noncentrosymmetric superconductors.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Heng Wu et al.
Summary: The Josephson diode, which serves as the superconducting analogue to the semiconducting diode, has been realized in a van der Waals heterostructure, showing unique properties such as magnetic-field-free superconductivity and different behaviors under positive and negative currents.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Noah F. Q. Yuan et al.
Summary: When both inversion and time-reversal symmetries are broken, the critical current of a superconductor can be nonreciprocal. In this work, it is shown that in certain classes of two-dimensional superconductors with antisymmetric spin-orbit coupling, Cooper pairs acquire a finite momentum upon the application of an in-plane magnetic field, resulting in unequal critical currents in the direction parallel and antiparallel to the Cooper pair momentum. This supercurrent diode effect is also observed in the polarity dependence of in-plane critical fields induced by a supercurrent. These nonreciprocal effects can be found in polar SrTiO3 film, few-layer MoTe2 in the Td phase, and twisted bilayer graphene where the valley degree of freedom plays a role analogous to spin.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Harley D. Scammell et al.
Summary: In this study, the superconducting phase in a heterostructure of mirror-symmetric twisted trilayer graphene and WSe2 was found to exhibit a zero-field superconducting diode effect, which has been investigated and explained with a microscopic theory. The findings not only contribute to the understanding of the physics of trilayer graphene on WSe2, but also provide guidance for future experiments in spin-orbit-coupled graphene moire systems.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kun-Rok Jeon et al.
Summary: Researchers have reported a zero-field polarity-switchable Josephson supercurrent diode, in which a proximity-magnetized Pt layer by ferrimagnetic insulating Y3Fe5O12 serves as the Rashba-type Josephson barrier, achieving high-efficiency zero-field rectification effect. The study demonstrates that exchange spin-splitting and Rashba-type spin-orbit coupling at the Pt/Y3Fe5O12 interface are crucial for the zero-field giant rectification efficiency.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Hideki Narita et al.
Summary: This study presents a method to achieve zero-field superconducting diode effect using noncentrosymmetric multilayers. The polarity of the effect can be controlled by adjusting structural parameters and magnetization direction. This energy-loss-free superconducting diode effect has potential applications in novel non-volatile memories and logic circuits with ultralow power consumption.
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jiang-Xiazi Lin et al.
Summary: A superconducting diode effect is observed in twisted trilayer graphene at zero magnetic field, indicating the coexistence of superconductivity and time-reversal symmetry breaking. This non-reciprocal behavior can be controlled by adjusting carrier density, twist angle, or applying a magnetic field.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Banabir Pal et al.
Summary: This study reports the discovery of a giant Josephson diode effect in Josephson junctions formed from a type-II Dirac semimetal, NiTe2. The distinguishing feature of this effect is the asymmetry in the critical current, which depends on the magnitude and direction of an applied magnetic field and achieves its maximum value when the magnetic field is perpendicular to the current and is of the order of just 10 mT. These characteristic features can be explained by a model based on finite-momentum Cooper pairing that largely originates from the Zeeman shift of spin-helical topological surface states.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Taras Golod et al.
Summary: The authors demonstrate prototypes of superconducting diodes operational at zero magnetic field, which exhibit a large and switchable nonreciprocity. By altering the bias configuration and trapping/removing a vortex, the diode's polarity and nonreciprocity can be easily changed, offering a memory functionality. This research holds potential for future in-memory superconducting computers.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Margarita Davydova et al.
Summary: We propose a universal mechanism for the Josephson diode effect in short Josephson junctions, which arises from finite Cooper pair momentum and simultaneous breaking of inversion and time-reversal symmetries. The diode efficiency is up to 40% with an asymmetry between the critical currents in opposite directions of approximately 230%. The mechanism is explained by the Doppler shift of the Andreev bound state energies and the phase-independent asymmetric current from the continuum. We also introduce a simple scheme for achieving finite-momentum pairing without relying on spin-orbit coupling, expanding the platforms for observing supercurrent diode effects.
Article
Physics, Applied
Dhavala Suri et al.
Summary: Non-reciprocity in the critical current, known as the superconducting diode effect, has been observed in NbN micro-bridges and NbN/magnetic insulator hybrids. The origin of this effect is related to the symmetry breaking mechanisms. The diode effect disappears when the magnetic field is parallel to the sample plane. The rectification is observed at temperatures up to 10 K, expanding the potential applications of this device.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
S. S. Ustavschikov et al.
Summary: The transport characteristics of superconducting hybrid Cu/MoN strips with a single cut near one of the strip edges are experimentally investigated. It is found that these strips exhibit a strong diode effect, with the critical current differing by almost five times depending on the current direction in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. This effect is associated with the condensation of current lines near the cut, leading to different conditions of vortex entrance from different edges of the strip. Due to the high vortex velocities and nonhysteretic current-voltage characteristics, such hybrid systems can be used for constructing superconducting diodes operating at frequencies up to 1 GHz.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bianca Turini et al.
Summary: We report nonreciprocal dissipation-less transport in single ballistic InSb nanoflag Josephson junctions. An inequality in supercurrent for the two opposite current propagation directions is observed by applying an in-plane magnetic field, indicating that these devices can function as Josephson diodes. The supercurrent asymmetry increases linearly with external field for small fields, saturates as the Zeeman energy becomes relevant, and then decreases to zero at higher fields. The effect is maximized when the in-plane field is perpendicular to the current vector, suggesting Rashba spin-orbit coupling as the main symmetry-breaking mechanism.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Yi Zhang et al.
Summary: Motivated by recent progress in the superconductivity nonreciprocal phenomena, this study investigates the general theory of Josephson diodes, focusing on the asymmetric proximity process inside the tunneling barrier. From the perspective of symmetry breaking, there are two types of Josephson diodes: inversion breaking and time-reversal breaking. Voltage bias can effectively tune the proximity process in the inversion breaking case, while current flow can adjust the internal time-reversal breaking field in the time-reversal breaking case. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding and general principles for realizing Josephson diodes, including the recently discovered NbSe2/Nb3Br8/NbSe2 Josephson diodes.
Article
Physics, Applied
David Monroe et al.
Summary: The integration of conventional superconductors with common III-V semiconductors provides a versatile platform for implementing tunable Josephson junctions and their applications. By using gate-controlled time-dependent spin-orbit coupling, it is possible to strongly modify the current-phase relations and Josephson energy, driving the dynamics of the junction even without any bias current. The transition between stable phases can be achieved through a simple linear change in the strength of the spin-orbit coupling, with a transition rate exceeding the gigahertz changes induced by the gate-induced electric field by an order of magnitude. The interplay between the constant effective magnetic field and changing spin-orbit coupling has direct implications for superconducting spintronics, the control of Majorana bound states, and emerging qubits. We argue that topological superconductivity, which is sought for fault-tolerant quantum computing, offers simpler applications in superconducting electronics and spintronics.
PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Akito Daido et al.
Summary: Nonreciprocity in superconductors, specifically the superconducting diode effect (SDE), is studied in this paper. The relationship between SDE and nonreciprocity of the transition lines under supercurrent is elucidated using a generalized theory and a microscopic model. It is found that the sign reversal of SDE accompanies the crossover of helical superconductivity, which is a general feature independent of system details. Electric current is established as a control parameter and a powerful probe to study the superconducting properties related to finite-momentum Cooper pairs.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
T. Karabassov et al.
Summary: This paper investigates the realization of the helical state in a hybrid system with spatially separated superconductivity and exchange field and demonstrates the resulting nonreciprocity in the system.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Baoxing Zhai et al.
Summary: We theoretically propose and predict that a ferroelectric superconductor monolayer CuNb2Se4 can exhibit a ferroelectric reversible superconducting diode effect. This effect can be reversible upon electric switch of ferroelectricity and may appear in a class of two-dimensional superconducting bilayers with ferroelectricity induced by interlayer sliding.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Klaus Halterman et al.
Summary: We study trilayer Josephson junctions with arbitrary magnetizations in two dimensions and examine the spatial distribution and phase dependence of charge supercurrents, spin supercurrents, spin torques, and density of states. We find that under certain magnetization conditions, self-biased current enhancement and supercurrent diode effects can be achieved.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hao Meng et al.
Summary: The study shows that the critical current oscillates with the exchange field and thickness of the ferromagnets when their magnetizations are antiparallel, while the critical current reaches a larger value and is hardly affected by other parameters when the magnetization at the central interface is perpendicular to that at the left and right interfaces.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Tingmin Liu et al.
Summary: The study focuses on the anomalous Josephson effect induced by magnetic misorientation in asymmetric s-wave superconductor/ferromagnet insulator/normal layer/ferromagnet/d-wave superconductor junctions on the surface of a topological insulator. Magnetic misorientation leads to anomalous effects and 0-pi state transitions in the out-of-plane case, while these transitions do not occur in the in-plane case. The unique phenomena observed can be used to distinguish different d-wave superconductivities in three-dimensional topological insulators and create supercurrent devices with functions like phase storing, rectification, and quantum computation.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mohammad Alidoust et al.
Summary: Recent research has uncovered a class of materials characterized by dominant SOC cubic in the wave vector, with unexplored superconducting properties. Experimental studies of Josephson junctions in these materials have revealed a strongly anharmonic current-phase relation and complex spin structure. The unique f-wave spin-triplet superconducting correlations in Josephson junctions with cSOC are important for superconducting spintronics and supporting Majorana bound states.
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A. A. Mazanik et al.
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(2010)
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PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2009)
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A. Papon et al.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2008)
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V. Braude et al.
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(2007)
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M Morelle et al.
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(2006)
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APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
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