Morphological and genetic characterization of the Graciosa donkey breed

The Graciosa donkey has been associated with husbandry and social activities in Graciosa Island for decades. Although donkeys played an essential role in the development of the island, their numbers are severely reduced. The Graciosa donkey is characterised by its small stature, strong bony constitution and strong hooves. They are extremely gentle, patient and submissive fully integrated into the island's ecosystem. As so they must be considered as elements of an environmentally sustainable ecosystem. This study aimed to define the morphotype of the Graciosa donkey and to access its genetic diversity using microsatellite markers. Biometric data consisted of 15 morphological traits from 39 individuals. The Graciosa donkey is dolichocephalic, hypermetric according to the dactilothoracic index, hypometric regarding the approximate live weight and far from ground. Twenty-four individuals, which showed no kinship, based on results of 13 markers were considered as founders and were genotyped for two additional markers and further analysed in this study. All microsatellites used were polymorphic, but low levels of genetic diversity were identified. As the Graciosa donkey gains popularity, the information obtained from this study will be very useful for conservation and management purposes by safeguarding its genetic diversity.

Automated summary

The Graciosa donkey has been a crucial part of Graciosa Island's agriculture and social activities, but their population has significantly declined. These donkeys are small, strong, and gentle, fully integrated into the island's ecosystem. This study aimed to define their morphotype and assess genetic diversity using microsatellite markers. Despite being polymorphic, low levels of genetic diversity were found. The information obtained from this study will be valuable for conservation and management efforts as the popularity of the Graciosa donkey increases.