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Article
Thermodynamics
Zijun Li et al.
Summary: This study designs a liquid cooling garment based on thermoelectric cooling technology to improve thermal comfort in a high-temperature environment. The effects of ambient temperature and exercise intensity on the cooling effect of the liquid cooling garment are studied. The results show that exercise intensity has a greater impact on the critical value of water inlet temperature than ambient temperature. These findings provide guidance for selecting the performance of liquid cooling garments in different conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nursyahirah Mohd Shatar et al.
Journal of Cleaner Production
(2023)
Review
Biology
Xiaojiang Xu et al.
Summary: This paper reviews three-dimensional models for human thermoregulation. It introduces the development of thermoregulatory models and key principles for mathematical description. Different representations of 3D human bodies are discussed, and recent models have used medical image datasets to develop geometrically correct human models. Finite element method is commonly used for solving governing equations and obtaining numerical solutions. These realistic geometry models provide high anatomical realism and can predict whole-body thermo-regulatory responses at a high resolution.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jian Zhang et al.
Summary: Body heat can be used as a sustainable energy source for wearable and implantable devices. We have developed flexible micro thermoelectric generators (TEGs) with high power density and light weight through pulse electroplating. The optimized flexible micro TEG achieves maximum areal and gravimetric power densities of 14.3 mW cm-2 and 189 mW g-1, respectively, under a temperature difference of 29.9 degrees C. The voltage factor and normalized power to weight ratio of our flexible micro TEG are significantly higher than existing cross-plane flexible TEGs, providing new opportunities for self-powered wearable electronics.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Junbin Zang et al.
Summary: Flexible thermoelectric power generation devices were fabricated by depositing single-phase Ag2Se films with a thickness of less than 500 nm on flexible polyimide substrates via magnetron sputtering. Annealing treatment significantly improved the microstructure and thermoelectric properties of the films. The flexible generator composed of Ag2Se films achieved a maximum power density of 7.52 W.m(-2) at a temperature difference of 50 K. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of thermal treatment in enhancing the thermoelectric performance of magnetron-sputtered films, offering a promising approach for the development of environmentally friendly and wearable flexible thermoelectric devices.
RESULTS IN PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mario Culebras et al.
Summary: In this study, positively charged PEDOT nanoparticles are synthesized and alternately deposited with double-walled carbon nanotubes to fabricate a completely organic composite thin film. The thin film shows high electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient, resulting in excellent thermoelectric properties. This organic composite offers a promising route for efficient thermoelectric devices on flexible surfaces.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xin Bao et al.
Summary: To meet the requirements of practical applications, thermoelectric generators need to be efficient and mechanically robust. Progress has been made in designing high-performance thermoelectric generators, but their mechanical properties still need improvement. This review summarizes studies on the mechanical properties of thermoelectric generators. It discusses the mechanical properties of bulk thermoelectric generators, the strategies for improving their mechanical properties, and the joint strength of electrodes and thermoelectric materials. It also examines the mechanical properties of inorganic thin-film thermoelectric devices and the synthesis methods of thin-film thermoelectric materials. Finally, it discusses flexible organic thermoelectric devices and flexible devices using bulk legs.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Byungseok Seo et al.
Summary: This study presents a humidity-thermoelectric bimodal energy harvester (HT-BET) for sustainable power generation. By depositing aqueous and air electrothermal wave (ETW) uniformly on carbon-based materials, tunable palladium/palladium oxide composites are directly fabricated as electrochemical electrodes. The HT-BET is integrated with a thermoelectric p-n junction and achieves a highly improved output power by 67 times compared to a thermoelectric cell at 30% relative humidity.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Wei Liu et al.
Summary: A thermally comfortable indoor environment is crucial for the health and productivity of occupants. Current CFD-based methods for designing such an environment assume fixed surface temperatures and use PMV to estimate thermal comfort, which can lead to inaccuracies and wasted spatial information. This study developed a coupled CFD and HTM model that synchronizes data and updates occupant skin temperature, accurately quantifying thermal comfort. The model was validated using experimental data and integrated with genetic algorithm for inverse design, demonstrating its effectiveness in improving thermal comfort in indoor environments.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Bhoopendra Choudhary Udayraj
Summary: The study aims to develop correlations for the convective heat transfer coefficients associated with various segments and the whole torso of the human body under different scenarios of air ventilation clothing. The results show that the convective heat transfer coefficients are influenced by the openings in the clothing, air flow rate, and the location of the body segment. The effects of fan diameter and inlet air temperature are found to be least significant. Correlations for segment-wise and whole torso convective heat transfer coefficients are proposed in this study.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Han Liu et al.
Summary: In transient and non-uniform thermal environments, the human thermal physiological response changes dramatically and accidents often occur due to cardiovascular diseases. This paper proposes an integrated thermo-cardiovascular regulation model that considers blood flow volume, thermal environment, metabolic rate, and heart rate changes to predict the human physiological response. The model combines a human thermoregulation model and a cardiovascular regulation model.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Rubaya Yeasmin et al.
Summary: This article introduces the development of a multifunctional self-healing, stretchable, deformable, biocompatible, transparent, and self-adhesive composite based on networking PBS (polyborosiloxane) and Ecoflex. The composite possesses fast self-healing capability, high stretchability, transparency, ideal electrical insulation, and good chemical stability. It also exhibits consistent thermal stability at high temperatures. These remarkable properties make it an essential skin-mimicking substrate for biomedical and wearable applications such as e-skin.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jigui Shi et al.
Summary: Flexible thermoelectric technology has the potential to convert human body heat into electricity for wearable devices. However, achieving both high flexibility and performance remains a challenge. In this study, an anisotropy engineering strategy using nanostructuring and excess Te addition was proposed to overcome this challenge. Patchwork-like Bi(2)Te(2.7)Se(0.)3 nanorods were prepared using a two-step solution-synthesis method and assembled into flexible thin films. By optimizing the anisotropy and interfacial properties, a high power factor and power density were achieved in the TE devices. This research demonstrates the potential of anisotropy engineering in advancing flexible thermoelectric devices.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Saeed Masoumi et al.
Summary: There is a growing demand for self-powered technologies in wearable electronic devices. Flexible thermoelectric generators, especially those utilizing organic materials, show great potential as a power source due to their unique advantages. However, there are still challenges in achieving high performance from organic thermoelectric materials compared to inorganic counterparts.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Wen-Yi Chen et al.
Summary: This paper comprehensively summarizes the significant progress of state-of-the-art thermoelectric coolers and highlights their applications in smart city, greenhouse, and personal and chip thermal management. It also points out the current challenges and future opportunities for further improvement.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lei Li et al.
Summary: This review highlights the unique characteristics of thermoelectric personal thermal management (PTM) compared to other technologies, and systematically summarizes its key parameters and fundamental functions. The advances in thermoelectric PTM are overviewed from material design to wearable device design viewpoints. Furthermore, the key challenges and future research directions of thermoelectric PTM are pointed out.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Yasaman Saberi et al.
Summary: This paper provides a review of different aspects of doping processes on Bi2Te3 based materials, addressing the challenges and exploring promising solutions. The study concludes that the doping process, annealing, and creation of nanostructured compounds contribute to the efficiency improvement of Bi2Te3 thermoelectric materials. Furthermore, it is suggested that thin film Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 and Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 materials show the highest ZT values compared to other materials.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yeongju Jung et al.
Summary: This study presents a stretchable thermoelectric skin (TES) that can harvest energy and regulate body temperature in the underwater environment. TES, with its soft and elastic nature, enables better heat conduction and achieves higher power density compared to previous stretchable thermoelectric devices. The underwater environment further enhances TES's thermoelectric efficiency and makes it suitable for wearable underwater rescue platforms.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Haoxiang Wei et al.
Summary: The recent emergence of self-powered wearable electronics has led to a growing demand for flexible, sustainable, and portable power supply. Wearable thermoelectric devices (WTEDs) convert body heat into electricity and show promise as power sources for wearable electronics, but their output power is still limited. This study presents a soft-covered WTET that demonstrates desirable performance and wearer comfort. By optimizing the design and fabrication, this soft-covered WTED achieves higher power density and can also cool the human skin.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yujin Na et al.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiahong Yang et al.
Summary: With the rapid development of wearable electronic devices, there is a growing demand for circuit designs that offer variability, flexibility, and stretchability. This study presents a feasible strategy for creating a stretchable multifunctional self-powered system using Cu particles mixed liquid metal as an easy-to-print electrode. The system includes a liquid-metal-based fully soft triboelectric nanogenerator, micro-supercapacitors with Cu-EGaIn/MXene composited electrodes, a liquid-metal-based energy management module, and a functional circuit.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hend M. Elmoughni et al.
Summary: This article introduces a method for making flexible and vertical thermoelectric devices using textiles and demonstrates the performance of wearable textile-based TE devices. Through the use of laser patterning and flexible 3D printing technology, power generation from body heat and personal thermoregulation effects have been successfully achieved. The developed prototype demonstrates stability and durability, providing the potential for realizing textile-based TE clothing.
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Wei Sun et al.
Summary: This article provides a systematic review on thermoelectric coolers, covering their application potential, evaluation parameters, material suitability, and device engineering strategies. Furthermore, future directions for the development of thermoelectric coolers are highlighted.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Biology
Michael P. Castellani et al.
Summary: This paper outlines the development of a finite element human thermoregulatory model using an anatomically and geometrically correct human body model. The model simulates thermal responses through a passive and active system, providing insight into human thermoregulatory responses to non-uniform and transient environments. Comprehensive validation shows predictions are accurate and acceptable, with comparisons of predicted temperatures at 29 sites with measured values in comfort, hot, and cold conditions.
COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hyunyong Cho et al.
Summary: The research team demonstrated a thermoelectric module with significantly enhanced cooling performance and low power consumption, using state-of-the-art thermoelectric materials and advanced manufacturing methods. The improvements in thermoelectric performance were achieved through modifications in structure and materials preparation methods, resulting in significant improvements in cooling speed and power efficiency.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yu-Chian Soong et al.
Summary: The study developed a multilayered composite film with high thermal conductivity and good durability by dispersing fillers in a polymer matrix. The composite film showed excellent performance in terms of thermal conductivity, flexural fatigue, and laundering, and also exhibited enhanced thermal stability, cooling, and hydrophobic properties.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xiaoxing Han et al.
Summary: The novel split-type liquid-circulation thermoelectric cooling device showed promising performance in experimental investigations. Optimized results were achieved when the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor was 10 degrees Celsius.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Bo Wu et al.
Summary: This study presents an AF-TEG based on thin-film carbon nanotube assemblies that can generate high voltage and output power under moderate temperature differences, showing great potential for practical applications.
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Guoshan Wu et al.
Summary: The study suggests that wearing a ventilation cooling vest in hot and humid environments can significantly increase the body's cooling effect, effectively reduce the trunk skin temperature, and reduce the impact of heat stress on workers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xing Peng Hao et al.
Summary: This study presents a hydrogel-based soft electronics with good mechanical performance, high sensitivity, and versatile functions by stencil printing of liquid metal on a tough hydrogel, which allows for self-shaping and 3D deformation. The HSE actively deforms to fix on objects or organs with complex geometries and maintains sensing functions. Such a device paves the way for implantable electronics with better fixation and interfacial contact with organs.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ki Mun Bang et al.
Summary: Stretchable electronic devices face challenges in thermal conductivity and heat dissipation. Innovative cooling platforms are required to address the heat dissipation issue. Adding alumina powder into the materials can enhance cooling performance and improve energy efficiency.
ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Byeongmoon Lee et al.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sahngki Hong et al.
Article
Thermodynamics
Dongkeon Lee et al.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Biao Ma et al.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2019)
Article
Physics, Applied
Hwanjoo Park et al.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2018)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Han Wu et al.
JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2017)
