Impact of Stabilization Technology on the Extraction Yield and Functionality of Macroconstituents from Biomass: A Systematic Review

Biomass contains different macroconstituents (polysaccharides,lipids, and proteins) with nutritional and functional properties.However, after harvest or processing, stabilization of biomass isnecessary to preserve the macroconstituents from degradation by microbialgrowth and enzymatic reactions. Because these stabilization methodsaffect the structure of the biomass, extraction of valuable macroconstituentscan be impacted. Literature, in general, focuses on either stabilizationor extraction, but systematic information on the interlinkage betweenthese processes has rarely been reported. This review summarizes recentresearch on physical, biological, and chemical stabilization methodson macroconstituent extraction yields and functionalities. Often,freeze drying as a stabilization method resulted in a good extractionyield and functionality, independent of the macroconstituent. Lessdocumented treatments, such as microwave drying, infrared drying,and ultrasound stabilization, result in better yields compared toconventional physical treatments. Biological and chemical treatmentswere rarely performed but could be promising as stabilization methodsbefore performing an extraction step.

Automated summary

Biomass stabilization is necessary to preserve macroconstituents and prevent degradation. This review summarizes research on the impact of physical, biological, and chemical stabilization methods on macroconstituent extraction yields and functionalities. Freeze drying is a commonly used method resulting in good extraction yield and functionality. Less studied methods like microwave drying, infrared drying, and ultrasound stabilization show better yields compared to conventional treatments. Biological and chemical treatments have shown promise but have been rarely performed.