Reduced trace gas oxidizers as a response to organic carbon availability linked to oligotrophs in desert fertile islands

Atmospheric trace gases, such as H-2 and CO, are important energy sources for microbial growth and maintenance in various ecosystems, especially in arid deserts with little organic substrate. Nonetheless, the impact of soil organic C availability on microbial trace gas oxidation and the underlying mechanisms are unclear at the community level. This study investigated the energy and life-history strategies of soil microbiomes along an organic C gradient inside and out of Hedysarum scoparium islands dispersed in the Mu Us Desert, China. Metagenomic analysis showed that with increasing organic C availability from bare areas into fertile islands, the abundance of trace gas oxidizers (TGOs) decreased, but that of trace gas nonoxidizers (TGNOs) increased. The variation in their abundance was more related to labile/soluble organic C levels than to stable/insoluble organic C levels. The consumption rates of H-2 and CO confirmed that organic C addition, especially soluble organic C addition, inhibited microbial trace gas oxidation. Moreover, microorganisms with distinct energy-acquiring strategies showed different life-history traits. The TGOs had lower 16 S rRNA operon copy numbers, lower predicted maximum growth rates and higher proportions of labile C degradation genes, implying the prevalence of oligotrophs. In contrast, copiotrophs were prevalent in the TGNOs. These results revealed a mechanism for the microbial community to adapt to the highly heterogeneous distribution of C resources by adjusting the abundances of taxa with distinct energy and life-history strategies, which would further affect trace gas consumption and C turnover in desert ecosystems.

Automated summary

This study investigated the energy and life-history strategies of soil microbiomes in Hedysarum scoparium islands in the Mu Us Desert, China. Increasing organic C availability led to decreased abundance of trace gas oxidizers (TGOs) and increased abundance of trace gas nonoxidizers (TGNOs). The variation in abundance was more related to labile/soluble organic C levels. Organic C addition inhibited microbial trace gas oxidation, especially soluble organic C addition. Microorganisms with distinct energy-acquiring strategies showed different life-history traits, with oligotrophs prevalent in TGOs and copiotrophs prevalent in TGNOs.