Comparison between nitriding behavior of Mo-Ti and Mo-V alloys

Internal nitriding behavior of Mo-15 at.% Ti and Mo-5/15 at.% V alloys were compared in a temperature range from 700 degrees C to 1100 degrees C using Forming gas (95% N2 and 5% H2) for nitriding times of 10 h and 15 h. The variations of specimen weight, microstructure and hardness of nitrided layer as well as the developed nitriding products were investigated as a function of treatment temperature and time. VN and TiN nitrides with a minor amount of TiO2 oxide are formed on the surface of Mo-V and Mo-Ti alloys, respectively. The maximum nitrided depths of around 14 mu m are achieved for both Mo-15 Ti/V alloys after nitriding at 1100 degrees C for 10 h. Larger hardness values are measured on nitrided layer of Mo-Ti in comparison to that of Mo-V at the same treatment temperature. According to X-ray diffraction assessment, at moderate temperature of 900 degrees C, the diffraction of Mo matrix and VN nitrides is recognized as an incoherent diffraction, whereas coherent diffraction by matrix and nitrides is realized for Mo and TiN. In general, higher affinity of nitride formation for V is observed at lower temperature of 700 degrees C as compared to Ti in a Mo matrix, which is attributed to the stronger interaction of V and N in Mo matrix given by calculating corresponding interaction parameters. The difference in stress relieving and coarsening behavior were also observed in matrices containing VN and TiN, which is argued with regards to the dissimilar impacts of VN and TiN on precipitation hardening of Mo matrix at investigated temperatures. These results imply that the previously reported brittleness of Mo-based alloys containing Ti can be improved at moderate temperatures by replacing Ti with other nitride forming elements such as V, regardless of N con-certation in Mo matrix.

Automated summary

The internal nitriding behavior of Mo-15 at.% Ti and Mo-5/15 at.% V alloys was compared at temperatures ranging from 700°C to 1100°C. The weight, microstructure, hardness, and nitriding products were studied as a function of temperature and time. VN and TiN nitrides were formed on the surface of Mo-V and Mo-Ti alloys, respectively. The maximum nitrided depths were around 14 μm for both alloys at 1100°C for 10 h. Mo-Ti alloy had higher hardness values compared to Mo-V at the same temperature. X-ray diffraction showed incoherent diffraction for Mo matrix and VN nitrides at 900°C, while coherent diffraction was observed for Mo and TiN. The nitride formation for V was observed at lower temperature compared to Ti in a Mo matrix. The stress relieving and coarsening behavior differed in matrices containing VN and TiN, impacting the precipitation hardening of Mo matrix. These findings suggest that replacing Ti with other nitride forming elements like V can improve the brittleness of Mo-based alloys at moderate temperatures, regardless of N concentration in the Mo matrix.