4.7 Review

Zinc: From Biological Functions to Therapeutic Potential

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Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Depletion of Zinc Causes Osteoblast Apoptosis with Elevation of Leptin Secretion and Phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT3

Jennifer K. K. Lee et al.

Summary: This study investigated the effect of zinc deficiency on leptin secretion and osteoblastic apoptosis. The results showed that low zinc stimulated extracellular leptin secretion and increased the expression of leptin and its receptor in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. The JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway was found to play a role in mediating leptin signaling and inducing osteoblastic apoptosis under zinc deficiency.

NUTRIENTS (2023)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Zinc transporters as potential therapeutic targets: An updated review

Takafumi Hara et al.

Summary: Zinc is an essential trace element that plays important roles in regulating various physiological responses in the body. Maintaining a healthy zinc content is critical for our overall health, as zinc deficiency can lead to various health problems. Recent research on zinc biology has focused on understanding the functions and signals of zinc transporters, which tightly control zinc homeostasis. These findings have revealed the potential therapeutic targets for human diseases related to zinc and zinc signals.

JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Zinc Protects against Heat Stress-Induced Apoptosis via the Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in TM3 Leydig Cells

Yongjie Xiong et al.

Summary: The study showed that zinc can mitigate the detrimental effects of heat stress on Leydig cells, including apoptosis and activation of ER stress. These findings provide new insights into the benefits of using zinc against heat stress-induced apoptosis and cell injury.

BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Zinc Prevents DNA Damage in Normal Cells but Shows Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells

Maria Ines Costa et al.

Summary: Zinc plays a dual role in modulating the DNA damage response in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), increasing genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in leukemia cells while preventing damage accumulation in normal cells.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Organelle-Level Labile Zn2+Mapping Based on TargetableFluorescent Sensors

Rong Liu et al.

Summary: Although many Zn2+ fluorescent probes have been developed, there is still a lack of consensus on the labile Zn2+ concentrations in different cellular compartments. In this study, two highly sensitive Zn2+ fluorescent probes were developed and successfully used to determine the subcellular distribution of labile Zn2+.

ACS SENSORS (2022)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Neuronal signalling of zinc: from detection and modulation to function

Chen Zhang et al.

Summary: This paper provides an overview of the fluorescent sensors used to detect synaptic and intracellular zinc ion signals in neurons, the cellular mechanisms regulating the generation and buffering of zinc ion signals, and the current perspectives on their pleiotropic effects on various physiological functions.

OPEN BIOLOGY (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Comparison of Free Zinc Levels Determined by Fluorescent Probes in THP1 Cells Using Microplate Reader and Flow Cytometer

Wiebke Alker et al.

Summary: This study investigates the impact of instrumentation on measuring intracellular free zinc concentrations, revealing significant differences in results obtained from different instruments.

BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH (2021)

Review Cell Biology

DNA double-strand break repair: Putting zinc fingers on the sore spot

Jenny Kaur Singh et al.

Summary: Zinc-Finger proteins are a highly abundant group of proteins in the human genome, with the ability to bind various substrates beyond just DNA. They play crucial roles in biological processes such as transcription regulation and cell migration, and have emerged as key players in orchestrating the repair of DNA double-strand breaks for genome stability and human disease prevention.

SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2021)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

The zinc transporter ZIP7 (Slc39a7) controls myocardial reperfusion injury by regulating mitophagy

Hualu Zhang et al.

Summary: The study reveals that upregulation of ZIP7 plays a critical role in regulating mitophagy, with its elevation inhibiting mitophagy and leading to myocardial reperfusion injury. Therefore, timely suppression of ZIP7 upregulation is essential for the treatment of reperfusion injury.

BASIC RESEARCH IN CARDIOLOGY (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Zinc transporters and their functional integration in mammalian cells

Taiho Kambe et al.

Summary: Zinc is a widely present biological metal with implications for cellular signaling and homeostasis, regulated by zinc transporters in cells. Understanding the molecular functions of zinc transporters can help promote enzymatic reactions, tune cellular responsiveness, and maintain cellular homeostasis.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2021)

Review Neurosciences

The Function and Regulation of Zinc in the Brain

Rebecca F. Krall et al.

Summary: Research has found a rich reserve of free zinc in distinct regions of the brain, concentrated at synaptic boutons, hinting at a possible role in synaptic transmission. Zinc plays various roles in neuronal function, influencing neurotransmission and activating neuronal signaling pathways. These roles are tightly regulated by mechanisms such as metal binding proteins and zinc transporters.

NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

Review Peripheral Vascular Disease

The Role of Zinc Homeostasis in the Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases

Yukinori Tamura

Summary: Zinc is an essential micronutrient for human health, and research on intracellular zinc dynamics has provided new insights into disease mechanisms. Zinc deficiency is associated with risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, and zinc supplementation may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.

JOURNAL OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND THROMBOSIS (2021)

Article Psychiatry

Schizophrenia-associated SLC39A8 polymorphism is a loss-of-function allele altering glutamate receptor and innate immune signaling

Wei Chou Tseng et al.

Summary: The A391T missense mutation in ZIP8 results in reduced zinc transport, altered glutamate signaling, and an exacerbated immune and inflammatory response. Re-expression of wild-type ZIP8 or application of the zinc chelator ZX1 can rescue the observed phenotypes. These findings provide novel therapeutic targets relevant to schizophrenia.

TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY (2021)

Article Clinical Neurology

Serum zinc levels and in vivo beta-amyloid deposition in the human brain

Jee Wook Kim et al.

Summary: The study found that decreased serum zinc levels are associated with increased brain amyloid deposition, particularly in APOE4 carriers. Although low zinc levels seemed to reduce AD-signature cerebral glucose metabolism, the relationship became insignificant when considering only individuals without nutritional deficiencies.

ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Zinc-Sensing Receptor GPR39 in Physiology and as a Pharmacological Target

Anna Laitakari et al.

Summary: GPR39 is a widely expressed G-protein coupled receptor in various tissues, activated by changes in extracellular Zn2+ concentration. It plays important roles in physiological functions and in diseases such as inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, bone formation, male fertility, addiction, and cancer. Novel synthetic agonists have revealed new functions, presenting opportunities for drug development.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Review Allergy

Role of intracellular zinc in molecular and cellular function in allergic inflammatory diseases

Masanobu Suzuki et al.

Summary: Zinc plays a crucial role in maintaining immune system function, and decreased zinc levels may lead to various inflammatory diseases. There is a potential vicious cycle between zinc deficiency and inflammatory conditions, highlighting the importance of maintaining adequate zinc levels for overall health and immunity.

ALLERGOLOGY INTERNATIONAL (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Interactions of zinc- and redox-signaling pathways

Christopher Hubner et al.

Summary: Zinc and ROS play roles in various physiological functions and are connected through their interaction with sulfur, forming a triad. Zinc can translate redox signals into zinc signals by binding to and releasing from thiols, affecting thiol oxidation and protein activity. The reciprocal interaction between zinc and redox-signaling involves shared molecular targets like active site cysteine thiols in PTP, showcasing their complex interplay on multiple levels.

REDOX BIOLOGY (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Regulatory Role of Zinc in Immune Cell Signaling

Bonah Kim et al.

Summary: Zinc is an essential micronutrient with crucial roles in biological processes, and dysregulated zinc homeostasis can impair overall immune function and increase susceptibility to infection. Recent focus on zinc as a beneficial element for immune system support has led to investigations of its immunomodulatory roles in immune cells.

MOLECULES AND CELLS (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Zinc Deficiency Promotes Testicular Cell Apoptosis in Mice

Yu Chen et al.

BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Advances of Zinc Signaling Studies in Prostate Cancer

Dangdang Li et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

Article Neurosciences

Multifunctional roles of zinc in Alzheimer's disease

Zhuoya Xie et al.

NEUROTOXICOLOGY (2020)

Review Oncology

Zinc dysregulation in cancers and its potential as a therapeutic target

Jie Wang et al.

CANCER BIOLOGY & MEDICINE (2020)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Zinc signaling and epilepsy

Urszula Doboszewska et al.

PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2019)

Review Nutrition & Dietetics

The Role of Zinc in Antiviral Immunity

Scott A. Read et al.

ADVANCES IN NUTRITION (2019)

Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Role of Zinc in Immune System and Anti-Cancer Defense Mechanisms

Dorota Skrajnowska et al.

NUTRIENTS (2019)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The crosstalk between trace elements with DNA damage response, repair, and oxidative stress in cancer

Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani et al.

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY (2019)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Molecular Mechanisms of Zinc as a Pro-Antioxidant Mediator: Clinical Therapeutic Implications

Ananda S. Prasad et al.

ANTIOXIDANTS (2019)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Multiple Mechanisms of Zinc-Mediated Inhibition for the Apoptotic Caspases-3,-6,-7, and-8

Scott J. Eron et al.

ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY (2018)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Role of Zinc Homeostasis in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes and Obesity

Ayako Fukunaka et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2018)

Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Zinc and Skin Disorders

Youichi Ogawa et al.

NUTRIENTS (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Enhanced ZnR/GPR39 Activity in Breast Cancer, an Alternative Trigger of Signaling Leading to Cell Growth

Hila Ventura-Bixenshpaner et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2018)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Zinc Inhibits Expression of Androgen Receptor to Suppress Growth of Prostate Cancer Cells

Phuong Kim To et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2018)

Review Immunology

Nutrigenomics: Opportunities & challenges for public health nutrition

V. Sudhakar Reddy et al.

INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH (2018)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The zinc sensing receptor, ZnR/GPR39, in health and disease

Laxmi Sunuwar et al.

FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK (2017)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Zinc Signal in Brain Diseases

Stuart D. Portbury et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2017)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Understanding the Contribution of Zinc Transporters in the Function of the Early Secretory Pathway

Taiho Kambe et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2017)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Recent Advances in the Role of SLC39A/ZIP Zinc Transporters In Vivo

Teruhisa Takagishi et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2017)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Zinc in Cellular Regulation: The Nature and Significance of Zinc Signals

Wolfgang Maret

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2017)

Review Immunology

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of zinc. Zinc-dependent NF-κB signaling

Magdalena Jarosz et al.

INFLAMMOPHARMACOLOGY (2017)

Review Oncology

Zinc as a possible preventive and therapeutic agent in pancreatic, prostate, and breast cancer

Ba X. Hoang et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION (2016)

Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Effects of zinc or synbiotic on the duration of diarrhea in children with acute infectious diarrhea

Ahmet Sami Yazar et al.

TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2016)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Metal responsive transcription factor 1 (MTF-1) regulates zinc dependent cellular processes at the molecular level

Agata Grzywacz et al.

ACTA BIOCHIMICA POLONICA (2015)

Review Immunology

Zinc and its role in immunity and inflammation

Paola Bonaventura et al.

AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS (2015)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Examining a new role for zinc in regulating calcium release in cardiac muscle

Samantha J. Pitt et al.

BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS (2015)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Zinc deficiency induces apoptosis via mitochondrial p53-and caspase-dependent pathways in human neuronal precursor cells

Rohit Seth et al.

JOURNAL OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY (2015)

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Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of p53 Contributes to TPEN-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis

Hyun-Lim Kim et al.

MOLECULES AND CELLS (2015)

Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Zinc supplementation reduced DNA breaks in Ethiopian women

Maya L. Joray et al.

NUTRITION RESEARCH (2015)

Editorial Material Nutrition & Dietetics

Zinc

Liping Huang et al.

ADVANCES IN NUTRITION (2015)

Article Oncology

Serum Levels of Trace Elements in Patients with Prostate Cancer

Mehmet Kaba et al.

ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION (2014)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Zinc Protects Human Kidney Cells from Depleted Uranium-induced Apoptosis

Yuhui Hao et al.

BASIC & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY (2014)

Article Cell Biology

The ZnR/GPR39 Interacts With the CaSR to Enhance Signaling in Prostate and Salivary Epithelia

Hila Asraf et al.

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY (2014)

Article Cell Biology

Signaling Pathways that Control Cell Proliferation

Robert J. Duronio et al.

COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN BIOLOGY (2013)

Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Zinc Biochemistry: From a Single Zinc Enzyme to a Key Element of Life

Wolfgang Maret

ADVANCES IN NUTRITION (2013)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

The Influence of Micronutrients in Cell Culture: A Reflection on Viability and Genomic Stability

Ana Lucia Vargas Arigony et al.

BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL (2013)

Review Toxicology

Zinc and human health: an update

Christos T. Chasapis et al.

ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY (2012)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Zinc Inhibits Apoptosis and Maintains NEP Downregulation, Induced by Ropivacaine, in HaCaT Cells

Evangelos Kontargiris et al.

BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH (2012)

Review Nutrition & Dietetics

Effects of micronutrients on DNA repair

Andrew R. Collins et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION (2012)

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Intracellular free zinc during cardiac excitation-contraction cycle: calcium and redox dependencies

Erkan Tuncay et al.

CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH (2011)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

GPR39: a Zn2+-activated G protein-coupled receptor that regulates pancreatic, gastrointestinal and neuronal functions

Petra Popovics et al.

CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES (2011)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Insight to Physiology and Pathology of Zinc(II) Ions and Their Actions in Breast and Prostate Carcinoma

J. Gumulec et al.

CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2011)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Zinc homeostasis and signaling in health and diseases

Toshiyuki Fukada et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2011)

Article Urology & Nephrology

Zinc status of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate carcinoma

Pamela Christudoss et al.

INDIAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY (2011)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Differential response to zinc-induced apoptosis in benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer cells

Michelle Yan et al.

JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY (2010)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The missing Zinc: p53 misfolding and cancer

Stewart N. Loh

METALLOMICS (2010)

Article Neurosciences

The Role of Zinc in the Modulation of Neuronal Proliferation and Apoptosis

Ana M. Adamo et al.

NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH (2010)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Zinc ions promote Alzheimer Aβ aggregation via population shift of polymorphic states

Yifat Miller et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2010)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Intracellular zinc increase inhibits p53-/- pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell growth by ROS/AIF-mediated apoptosis

M. Donadelli et al.

BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH (2009)

Article Cell Biology

Zinc salts differentially modulate DNA damage in normal and cancer cells

Tomasz Sliwinski et al.

CELL BIOLOGY INTERNATIONAL (2009)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Important Role of the Apoptotic Effects of Zinc in the Development of Cancers

Renty B. Franklin et al.

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY (2009)

Article Cell Biology

The NF-κB Family of Transcription Factors and Its Regulation

Andrea Oeckinghaus et al.

COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN BIOLOGY (2009)

Review Oncology

Intracellular zinc homeostasis and zinc signaling

Masaaki Murakami et al.

CANCER SCIENCE (2008)

Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Metallothionein redox biology in the cytoprotective and cytotoxic functions of zinc

Wolfgang Maret

EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY (2008)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Zinc protects endothelial cells from hydrogen peroxide via Nrf2-dependent stimulation of glutathione biosynthesis

Miriam M. Cortese et al.

FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (2008)

Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Zinc deficiency alters DNA damage response genes in normal human prostate epithelial cells

Michelle Yan et al.

JOURNAL OF NUTRITION (2008)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The involvement of bax in zinc-induced mitochondrial apoptogenesis in malignant prostate cells

Pei Feng et al.

MOLECULAR CANCER (2008)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

High intracellular Zn(2+) ions modulate the VHR, ZAP-70 and ERK activities of LNCaP prostate cancer cells

Pooi-Fong Wong et al.

CELLULAR & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LETTERS (2008)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Zinc, antioxidant systems and metallothionein in metal mediated-apoptosis: Biochemical and cytochemical aspects

Alessia Formigare et al.

COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY (2007)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Zinc up-regyulates NF-κB activation via phosphorylation of IκB in HUT-78 (Th0) cells

Bin Bao et al.

FEBS LETTERS (2007)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Dietary zinc restriction in rats alters antioxidant status and increases plasma F2 isoprostanes

Richard S. Bruno et al.

JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY (2007)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

hZip2 and hZip3 zinc transporters are down regulated in human prostate adenocarcinomatous glands

Mohamed M. Desouki et al.

MOLECULAR CANCER (2007)

Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Evaluation of zinc status in whole blood and scalp hair of female cancer patients

Ateeq-ur-Rehman Memon et al.

CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA (2007)

Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

NF-κB, AP-1, zinc-deficiency and aging

Georges Herbein et al.

BIOGERONTOLOGY (2006)

Article Immunology

Zinc is required for FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation

Koki Kabu et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2006)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Zinc deficiency-induced cell death

MS Clegg et al.

IUBMB LIFE (2005)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

hZIP1 zinc uptake transporter down regulation and zinc depletion in prostate cancer

Renty B. Franklin et al.

MOLECULAR CANCER (2005)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Zinc deficiency, DNA damage and cancer risk

E Ho

JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY (2004)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Extracellular zinc triggers ERK-dependent activation of Na+/H+ exchange in colonocytes mediated by the zinc-sensing receptor

H Azriel-Tamir et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2004)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Low intracellular zinc induces oxidative DNA damage, disrupts p53, NFκB, and AP1 DNA binding, and affects DNA repair in a rat glioma cell line

E Ho et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2002)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Zinc release from protein kinase C as the common event during activation by lipid second messenger or reactive oxygen

I Korichneva et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2002)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Functions of zinc in signaling, proliferation and differentiation of mammalian cells

D Beyersmann et al.

BIOMETALS (2001)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Zinc binding and redox control of p53 structure and function

P Hainaut et al.

ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING (2001)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Zinc and the gene

IE Dreosti

MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS (2001)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Dietary zinc supplementation inhibits NFκB activation and protects against chemically induced diabetes in CD1 mice

E Ho et al.

EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (2001)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Modulation of the phosphorylation and activity of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II by zinc

I Lengyel et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY (2000)

Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Cellular zinc fluxes and the regulation of apoptosis/gene-directed cell death

AQ Truong-Tran et al.

JOURNAL OF NUTRITION (2000)

Article Nutrition & Dietetics

The role of zinc in growth and cell proliferation

RS MacDonald

JOURNAL OF NUTRITION (2000)

Article Nutrition & Dietetics

Importance of zinc in the central nervous system: The zinc-containing neuron

CJ Frederickson et al.

JOURNAL OF NUTRITION (2000)