The Role of Supplements and Over-the-Counter Products to Improve Sleep in Children: A Systematic Review

The sleep-wake cycle is a complex multifactorial process involving several neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, histamine, dopamine, orexin and GABA, that can be, in turn, regulated by different nutrients involved in their metabolic pathways. Although good sleep quality in children has been proven to be a key factor for optimal cognitive, physical and psychological development, a significant and ever-increasing percentage of the pediatric population suffers from sleep disorders. In children, behavioral interventions along with supplements are recommended as the first line treatment. This systematic review was conducted, according to the PRISMA guidelines, with the purpose of assessing the principal nutrients involved in the pathways of sleep-regulating neurotransmitters in children and adolescents. Our focus was the utilization of over the counter (OTC) products, specifically iron, hydroxytryptophan, theanine and antihistamines in the management of different pediatric sleep disorders with the intention of providing a practical guide for the clinician.

Automated summary

The sleep-wake cycle is regulated by a variety of neurotransmitters, which are in turn influenced by different nutrients. Good sleep quality is crucial for children's development, but an increasing number of children suffer from sleep disorders. Behavioral interventions and supplements, such as iron and antihistamines, are recommended as the first line treatment. This systematic review aims to evaluate the role of key nutrients involved in sleep-regulating pathways and their application in managing pediatric sleep disorders, providing a practical guide for clinicians.