4.7 Review

The Landscape of Circular RNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases

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CircCAMTA1 facilitates atrial fibrosis by regulating the miR-214-3p/TGFBR1 axis in atrial fibrillation

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Summary: This study found that circCAMTA1 can promote Ang-II-induced atrial fibrosis by downregulating miR-214-3p, and knockdown of circCAMTA1 can alleviate atrial fibrosis, suggesting that the circCAMTA1/miR-214-3p/TGFBR1 axis may be a novel therapeutic target for AF treatment.

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A novel identified circular RNA, circSnap47, promotes heart failure progression via regulation of miR-223-3p/MAPK axis

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Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of circSnap47 on heart failure and its potential mechanisms. The results showed that silencing circSnap47 increased cell viability, inhibited apoptosis, and alleviated inflammation. Furthermore, circSnap47 silencing relieved heart failure progression by regulating the miR-233/MAPK axis.

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Propofol inhibits cell apoptosis and inflammatory response in ox-LDL-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells through the modulation of the circ_0003645/miR-149-3p/TRAF7 axis

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Summary: This study investigated the functional mechanism of propofol and circ_0003645 in atherosclerosis (AS). The results showed that propofol protected against cell injury by downregulating circ_0003645 expression and reducing apoptosis and inflammation. circ_0003645 was involved in the regulation of propofol through the miR-149-3p/TRAF7 pathway.

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Hsa_circ_0000437 upregulates and promotes disease progression in rheumatic valvular heart disease

Linwen Zhu et al.

Summary: The study found that has_circ_0000437 is highly expressed in RVHD and has diagnostic value. In RVHD, hsa_circ_0000437 can promote cell proliferation and migration while inhibiting apoptosis. This may be due to the interaction of has_circ_0000437 with target miRNA in the cytoplasm affecting the progression of RVHD.

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circRNA is a potential target for cardiovascular diseases treatment

Jie Ju et al.

Summary: circRNAs are a novel class of RNA with closed-loop structures, functioning as sponges for microRNAs and playing important regulatory roles in the development of cardiovascular diseases.

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Danyan Su et al.

Summary: We identified differentially expressed circRNAs in plasma samples from children with CHD-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension. These circRNAs may be involved in the occurrence and regulation of pulmonary arterial hypertension, and are associated with oxidative phosphorylation and tight junction signaling.

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Study on the Mechanism of circRNA-0024103 Reducing Endothelial Cell Injury by Regulating miR-363/MMP-10

Yunfei Tian et al.

Summary: Exploring targeted therapeutic approaches for atherosclerosis is of great significance. circRNA-0024103 regulates the biological behaviors of endothelial cells, such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, through the miR-363/MMP-10 axis. This provides a new therapeutic target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.

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Circ_0050908 up-regulates TRAF3 by sponging miR-324-5p to aggravate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury

Aiping Jin et al.

Summary: This study found that knockdown of circ_0050908 can reduce apoptosis, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes through the miR-324-5p/TRAF3 axis, protecting cardiomyocytes against I/R injury.

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Circ-CBFB exacerbates hypoxia/reoxygenation-triggered cardiomyocyte injury via regulating miR-495-3p in a VDAC1-dependent manner

Yue-e Chen et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that absence of circ-CBFB offers cardio-protection against H/R-triggered cardiomyocyte injury by relieving apoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitochondria dysfunction through the miR-495-3p/VDAC1 axis.

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CircANKRD12 Is Induced in Endothelial Cell Response to Oxidative Stress

Christine Voellenkle et al.

Summary: Redox imbalance of endothelial cells plays a crucial role in cardiovascular diseases. The study found that circular RNA circANKRD12 was significantly upregulated in endothelial cells exposed to oxidative stress, and its silencing inhibited endothelial cell proliferation and capillary-like structure formation. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis revealed the enrichment of the p53 and Foxo signaling pathways in the circANKRD12-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network in H2O2-treated endothelial cells.
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Circular RNAs: New Players in Cardiomyopathy

Maedeh Bagheri Moghaddam et al.

Summary: Cardiomyopathies are a group of cardiac diseases that lead to heart failure and mortality. Circular RNAs, a novel type of noncoding RNAs with unique structure, have been found to play significant roles in cardiomyopathies and have potential clinical applications.
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Identifying Candidate Circulating RNA Markers for Coronary Artery Disease by Deep RNA-Sequencing in Human Plasma

Zoe Ward et al.

Summary: We developed a short-read RNA-Seq protocol to detect mRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in plasma for the discovery of novel markers for coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure (HF). We found that circulating levels of multiple coding and non-coding transcripts were altered in association with CAD, including several mitochondrial mRNAs. These findings suggest that circulating levels of these transcripts could potentially be used to identify asymptomatic individuals with established CAD before an acute coronary event.
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CircHSPG2 absence weakens hypoxia-induced dysfunction in cardiomyocytes by targeting the miR-25-3p/PAWR axis

Ying Zhao et al.

Summary: The circRNA heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (circHSPG2) has been found to play a crucial regulatory role in hypoxia-induced myocardial infarction (MI). It acts as a sponge for miR-25-3p and positively regulates the expression of pro-apoptotic WT1 regulator (PAWR) by acting as a molecular sponge for miR-25-3p, thereby protecting AC-16 cells from hypoxia-induced dysfunction.

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mRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA expression profiles in a new aortic dissection murine model induced by hypoxia and Ang II

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Summary: The study found that there is a significant positive correlation between uric acid and glucose levels and carotid plaque volume, and a significant negative correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.

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Circular RNAs to predict clinical outcome after cardiac arrest

Francesca M. Stefanizzi et al.

Summary: This study identified circulating circRNAs associated with clinical outcome after cardiac arrest, with circNFAT5 potentially aiding in predicting neurological outcome and survival in combination with established biomarkers of cardiac arrest.

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Research paper Hsa_circ_0007478 aggravates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and lipid metabolism imbalance in ox-LDL-stimulated macrophage via miR-765/ EFNA3 axis

Bozhi Ye et al.

Summary: This study found that circular RNA hsa_circ_0007478 was upregulated in ox-LDL-stimulated macrophages, accompanied by reduced miR-765 and increased EFNA3 expression. Silencing of hsa_circ_0007478 or transfection of miR-765 mimics decreased the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-113 in macrophages. Hsa_circ_0007478 promoted EFNA3 expression by acting as a miR-765 sponge. These findings suggest that hsa_circ_0007478 may play an important role in the inflammatory response and foam cell formation in atherosclerosis.

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Circular RNA hsa_circ_0000848 Regulates Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Apoptosis Under Hypoxia via Recruiting ELAVL1 and Stabilizing SMAD7 mRNA

Shuai Cao et al.

Summary: This study confirmed for the first time that the hsa_circ_0000848/ELAV-like RNA-binding protein 1/SMAD family member 7 axis could affect the development of cardiomyocyte cells cultured under hypoxic conditions, indicating that hsa_circ_0000848 might function as a novel biomarker in hypoxic cells, thus laying the groundwork for future study on myocardial infarction.

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Research on the circular RNA bioinformatics in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Lianli Yin et al.

Summary: Analysis of circRNAs in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients revealed 650 differentially expressed circRNAs, including those involved in multiple signaling pathways. These circRNAs are related to various diseases, such as myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, and hypertension, and may play a role in the pathogenesis of AMI through interaction with microRNAs.

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Juhee Ryu et al.

Summary: This article reviews the role and therapeutic implications of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in vascular calcification (VC). Studies suggest that ncRNAs, including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, play important roles in regulating VC and may be useful in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

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CircSOD2: A Novel Regulator for Smooth Muscle Proliferation and Neointima Formation

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Summary: The study discovered that circular RNA circSOD2 plays a crucial role in neointima formation following vascular injury by regulating vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation through the miR-206/NOTCH3 pathway. circSOD2 serves as a potential therapeutic target for inhibiting the development of proliferative vascular diseases.

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Circular RNA CircMAP3K5 Acts as a MicroRNA-22-3p Sponge to Promote Resolution of Intimal Hyperplasia Via TET2-Mediated Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation

Zhi Zeng et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that circMAP3K5 acts as a regulator of neointimal hyperplasia by sequestering miR-22-3p to inhibit TET2 expression, and subsequently affecting vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation and proliferation. Targeting the circMAP3K5/miR-22-3p/TET2 axis may offer a potential therapeutic strategy for diseases associated with intimal hyperplasia, including restenosis and atherosclerosis.

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CircRNAs open a new era in the study of cardiovascular disease (Review)

Zhikang Yu et al.

Summary: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs widely expressed in mammalian tissues and cells, associated with the physiology and pathology of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) as effector molecules and biomarkers in the cardiovascular system.

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Analysis of changes in circular RNA expression and construction of ceRNA networks in human dilated cardiomyopathy

Zhenhao Lin et al.

Summary: This study revealed altered expression of cardiac circRNAs in human DCM and explored their potential functions by constructing ceRNA networks. These findings provide a foundation for future studies of circRNAs in DCM.

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2021)

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Circular RNA in cardiovascular disease: Expression, mechanisms and clinical prospects

Ying Tang et al.

Summary: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a group of endogenous non-coding RNAs that widely exist in human tissues, including the heart, and play crucial regulatory roles in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). They are conserved, stable and have specific spatiotemporal expression, making them potential diagnostic markers or prognostic biomarkers for CVDs.

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The microarray identification circular RNA hsa_circ_0105015 up-regulated involving inflammation pathway in essential hypertension

Xin He et al.

Summary: This study identified that the high expression of circRNA hsa_circ_0105015 is associated with inflammatory pathways in Essential hypertension (EH) patients, and the combination with low expression of hsa-miR-637 may indicate vascular inflammation or endothelial dysfunction, serving as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of EH.

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Screening for functional circular RNAs using the CRISPR-Cas13 system

Siqi Li et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that CRISPR-RfxCas13d can effectively discriminate circRNAs from mRNAs and has identified important circRNAs involved in cell growth, such as the pro-proliferative circFAM120A and the regulatory circMan1a2 in mouse embryo preimplantation development.

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Circular RNA PVT1 silencing prevents ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat by targeting microRNA-125b and microRNA-200a

Cheng Luo et al.

Summary: This study found that circPVT1 has a protective role in myocardial infarction and H/R conditions, reducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis and restoring cell proliferation and viability.

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CircSLC8A1 and circNFIX can be used as auxiliary diagnostic markers for sudden cardiac death caused by acute ischemic heart disease

Meihui Tian et al.

Summary: The study found that circNFIX and circSLC8A1, two heart-enriched circRNAs, may have potential as biomarkers for sudden cardiac death caused by acute ischemic heart disease, with good diagnostic performance.

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Identification of Regulatory circRNAs Involved in the Pathogenesis of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Cuimei Zhao et al.

Summary: Through analyzing the blood samples of AMI patients and normal controls, 142 differentially expressed circRNAs were identified. Functional characterization revealed that circRNAs were mainly involved in seven pathways, such as the Runt-related transcription factor-1 (RUNX1) expression and activity-related pathway.

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circGNAQ, a circular RNA enriched in vascular endothelium, inhibits endothelial cell senescence and atherosclerosis progression

Wei-peng Wu et al.

Summary: The study suggests that circGNAQ plays critical roles in endothelial cell senescence and atherosclerosis by acting as a sponge for miR-146a-5p, delaying the aging process in endothelial cells.

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CircRNA circ-NNT mediates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through activating pyroptosis by sponging miR-33a-5p and regulating USP46 expression

Xiaomiao Ye et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates the activation of pyroptosis during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and its role in reperfusion injury. Circ-NNT promotes pyroptosis and myocardial I/R injury by acting as a miR-33a-5p sponge to regulate USP46. The circ-NNT -> miR-33a-5p -> USP46 signaling axis may be a potential target for developing cardio-protective agents to improve the clinical outcome of reperfusion therapy.

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Wen Yang et al.

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Overexpression of circRNA SNRK targets miR-103-3p to reduce apoptosis and promote cardiac repair through GSK3β/β-catenin pathway in rats with myocardial infarction

Yeqian Zhu et al.

Summary: The upregulation of circSNRK in the heart promotes cardiac survival and functional recovery after myocardial infarction by acting as a miR-103-3p sponge and inducing increased expression of SNRK to regulate cardiomyocyte apoptosis and proliferation. This suggests that circSNRK may be a promising therapeutic target for improving clinical prognosis after myocardial infarction.

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Ling Tang et al.

Summary: circRNAs are a type of stable, abundantly expressed non-coding RNA with cell or tissue specificity, which play important roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Research on the differential expression of circRNAs in heart tissues and their modes of action may lead to their use as ideal diagnostic biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets.

FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE (2021)

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Construction and investigation of a circRNA-associated ceRNA regulatory network in Tetralogy of Fallot

Haifei Yu et al.

Summary: A total of 276 differentially expressed circRNAs were identified in TOF samples, with 214 upregulated and 62 downregulated circRNAs. By constructing a circRNA-associated ceRNA network based on bioinformatics data, 19 circRNAs, 9 miRNAs, and 34 mRNAs were further screened. Additionally, qPCR results validated a positive correlation between hsa_circ_0007798 and HIF1A, suggesting a potential role in TOF pathogenesis.

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Amit Kumar Rai et al.

Summary: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a newly discovered class of noncoding RNAs found widely in the human heart, with emerging evidence suggesting they play regulatory roles in various cardiovascular diseases. Current understanding of circRNA focuses on their classification, biogenesis, function, stability, degradation mechanisms, and their potential as promising targets for understanding and treating CVD.

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Xue Gong et al.

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