PARP3 Affects Nucleosome Compaction Regulation

Genome compaction is one of the important subject areas for understanding the mechanisms regulating genes' expression and DNA replication and repair. The basic unit of DNA compaction in the eukaryotic cell is the nucleosome. The main chromatin proteins responsible for DNA compaction have already been identified, but the regulation of chromatin architecture is still extensively studied. Several authors have shown an interaction of ARTD proteins with nucleosomes and proposed that there are changes in the nucleosomes' structure as a result. In the ARTD family, only PARP1, PARP2, and PARP3 participate in the DNA damage response. Damaged DNA stimulates activation of these PARPs, which use NAD(+) as a substrate. DNA repair and chromatin compaction need precise regulation with close coordination between them. In this work, we studied the interactions of these three PARPs with nucleosomes by atomic force microscopy, which is a powerful method allowing for direct measurements of geometric characteristics of single molecules. Using this method, we evaluated perturbations in the structure of single nucleosomes after the binding of a PARP. We demonstrated here that PARP3 significantly alters the geometry of nucleosomes, possibly indicating a new function of PARP3 in chromatin compaction regulation.

Automated summary

Genome compaction is an important research field for understanding gene expression, DNA replication, and repair mechanisms. Nucleosomes are the basic units of DNA compaction in eukaryotic cells. While the main chromatin proteins responsible for DNA compaction have been identified, the regulation of chromatin architecture is still extensively studied. This study used atomic force microscopy to investigate the interactions between three PARPs and nucleosomes, revealing that PARP3 significantly alters the geometry of nucleosomes, potentially suggesting a new role for PARP3 in chromatin compaction regulation.