☆ 4.7 Review

Alpha Synuclein: Neurodegeneration and Inflammation

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2023)

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Review Cell Biology

Role of alpha-synuclein in microglia: autophagy and phagocytosis balance neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease

Qian-Kun Lv et al.

Summary: Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of alpha-synuclein in microglia, leading to neuroinflammation. The autophagy and phagocytosis functions of microglia are related to the clearance of alpha-synuclein and the inhibition of neuroinflammation. This review discusses the interaction between microglia and alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis, and the possible mechanisms of microglial autophagy and phagocytosis in the clearance of alpha-synuclein and inhibition of neuroinflammation.

INFLAMMATION RESEARCH (2023)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Microbiome-gut-brain dysfunction in prodromal and symptomatic Lewy body diseases

Sephira Ryman et al.

Summary: Microbiome-gut-brain dysfunction may play a role in the initiation or progression of Lewy body diseases. Evaluating gastrointestinal mechanisms, such as alpha-synuclein aggregation and systemic inflammatory processes, is crucial for understanding the heterogeneity of clinical presentations and identifying potential treatment targets.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2023)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Toll-like receptors and NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pathways in Parkinson's disease: mechanisms and therapeutic implications

Luca Soraci et al.

Summary: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor disturbances, which are thought to be caused by neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and the presence of alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) aggregates. Aging of the immune system and immune dysfunction may contribute to neuroinflammation leading to PD onset and progression, with abnormal alpha-syn aggregation activating the NLRP3 inflammasome within microglial cells through toll-like receptors (TLRs). This review focuses on the TLR/NLRP3/Cas-1 pathway in PD-related immune dysfunction and explores potential therapeutic options for counteracting neuroinflammation and immune dysfunction since the early stages of the disease.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2023)

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Article Neurosciences

a-Synuclein Promotes Neuronal Dysfunction and Death by Disrupting the Binding of Ankyrin to b-Spectrin

Gali Maor et al.

Summary: This study reveals that a-Synuclein directly binds to b-spectrin, and b-spectrin is critical for a-Synuclein neurotoxicity. The ankyrin binding domain of b-spectrin is required for a-Synuclein binding and neurotoxicity. Mislocalization of Na+/K+ ATPase and membrane potential depolarization are observed when human a-Synuclein is expressed in Drosophila and in Parkinson's disease patient-derived neurons with a triplication of the a-Synuclein locus. These findings define a specific molecular mechanism leading to neuronal dysfunction and death in Parkinson's disease and related a-Synucleinopathies.

JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE (2023)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Who Ever Said It Would Be Easy? Reflecting on Two Clinical Trials Targeting α-Synuclein

Poul Henning Jensen et al.

Summary: Two recent manuscripts have reported negative results in parallel approaches of passive immunization targeting alpha-synuclein in early Parkinson's disease patients. Despite effectively binding to native alpha-synuclein in human serum, these phase II studies failed to show a disease-modifying neuroprotective effect on PD progression. The reasons for the lack of clinical efficacy are discussed, including the need for evidence of target engagement, the limitations of preclinical models, the consideration of earlier intervention, and the exploration of alternative strategies beyond passive immunization. Overall, further developments in the field, such as improved bioassays and biomarkers, better models, and objective measurements, are necessary to test the concept of alpha-synuclein-targeting therapies in PD.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2023)

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Review Neurosciences

Monitoring α-synuclein aggregation

Juan Estaun-Panzano et al.

Summary: Synucleinopathies are a group of diseases characterized by the misfolding and aggregation of alpha-synuclein, leading to the formation of Lewy bodies. Studying the aggregation of alpha-synuclein is crucial for understanding these diseases, and recent breakthroughs have provided new insights into their mechanisms.

NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE (2023)

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Article Neurosciences

Anti-α-synuclein c-terminal antibodies block PFF uptake and accumulation of phospho-synuclein in preclinical models of Parkinson's disease

Robert Brendza et al.

Summary: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor dysfunction and cognitive decline. Antibodies that target the C-terminal region of alpha synuclein can reduce the uptake and accumulation of toxic aggregates, and block the spread of pathology in PD models. These findings support the development of alpha synuclein antibodies as a potential therapeutic strategy for PD patients.

NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE (2023)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Lecanemab in Early Alzheimer's Disease

Christopher H. van Dyck et al.

Summary: Lecanemab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, reduced amyloid markers and showed improvement in cognition and function in early Alzheimer's disease patients. However, it also resulted in adverse events. Longer trials are needed to determine its efficacy and safety in early Alzheimer's disease.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2023)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Repositioning doxycycline for treating synucleinopathies: Evidence from a pre-clinical mouse model

Pietro La Vitola et al.

Summary: This study investigates the potential therapeutic properties of Doxycycline in a human alpha-syn A53T transgenic mouse model of Parkinson's disease. The results show that Doxycycline can improve cognitive and daily life activity deficits, inhibit alpha-syn oligomerization, and reduce neuroinflammation.

PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS (2023)

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Review Neurosciences

α-Synuclein in synaptic function and dysfunction

Manu Sharma et al.

Summary: Alpha-synuclein plays a role in neurotransmitter release at presynaptic terminals. It forms aggregates in synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease, leading to neuronal dysfunction at multiple levels. This article provides an overview of the effects of alpha-synuclein on SNARE-complex assembly, neurotransmitter release, and synaptic vesicle homeostasis, and discusses the divergent effects and contributions to synucleinopathy pathogenesis.

TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES (2023)

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Article Neurosciences

Alpha-synuclein oligomers alter the spontaneous firing discharge of cultured midbrain neurons

Giulia Tomagra et al.

Summary: The study aimed to investigate the effects of extracellular alpha-synuclein on the firing activity of midbrain neurons. The researchers examined the spontaneous firing discharge and the role of neurotransmitters in burst generation and network synchronism. They found that acute exposure to alpha-synuclein monomers did not affect the firing rate of the neurons, but prolonged exposure to alpha-synuclein oligomers reduced the firing activity and impaired network synchronism.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE (2023)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Functional and Pathological Effects of a-Synuclein on Synaptic SNARE Complexes

Virginia Gao et al.

Summary: Alpha-synuclein is a protein that is abundant at the neuronal synapse and has been implicated in Parkinson's disease for over 25 years. It plays a role in neurotransmitter release by regulating various steps in the synaptic vesicle cycle. The exact mechanism of how alpha-synuclein affects these processes and its role in disease development remains unclear.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2023)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Oligodendrocytes Prune Axons Containing α-Synuclein Aggregates In Vivo: Lewy Neurites as Precursors of Glial Cytoplasmic Inclusions in Multiple System Atrophy?

Francesco De Nuccio et al.

Summary: alpha-Synucleinopathies are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the accumulation of insoluble alpha-Synuclein fibrils. These fibrils can form Lewy bodies in somata and Lewy neurites in neuronal processes. In multiple system atrophy, alpha-Synuclein aggregates are found in mature oligodendrocytes, but the origin of these aggregates is still unknown.

BIOMOLECULES (2023)

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Review Neurosciences

Astrocyte contribution to dysfunction, risk and progression in neurodegenerative disorders

Ashley N. Brandebura et al.

Summary: There is increasing evidence that astrocytes play a significant role in neurodegenerative disorders, both as initiators and contributors to disease progression. This review discusses the involvement of astrocytes in disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and explores their importance in supporting neuronal function in the healthy brain as well as the changes they undergo in pathological conditions.

NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE (2023)

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Article Biophysics

Reorganization of the outer layer of a model of the plasma membrane induced by a neuroprotective aminosterol

Beatrice Barletti et al.

Summary: Trodusquemine, an amphipathic aminosterol, has shown therapeutic benefit in neurodegenerative diseases by altering the binding of misfolded proteins to the cell membrane. This study investigated the interaction between Trodusquemine and lipid monolayers, and found that Trodusquemine evenly distributed in the lipid monolayer and influenced the organization of lipid rafts within the neuronal membrane in a dose-dependent manner.

COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES (2023)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Immunisation with UB-312 in the Thy1SNCA mouse prevents motor performance deficits and oligomeric α-synuclein accumulation in the brain and gut

Jacqui T. Nimmo et al.

Summary: Immunotherapy with the UB-312 vaccine was effective in preventing functional deficits and central and peripheral pathology in Thy1SNCA/15 mice, showing reduced levels of alpha Syn oligomers in the brain regions and a significant reduction in alpha Syn load in the colon.

ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A study on the interaction of the amyloid fibrils of α-synuclein and hen egg white lysozyme with biological membranes

Ramin Zadali et al.

Summary: The study investigated the effects of amyloid fibrils from alpha-syn and HEWL on rat brain and liver mitochondria, showing that alpha-syn fibrils exhibited more toxicity compared to HEWL. Both types of fibrils were found to induce toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and erythrocytes.

BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES (2022)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Disease-modifying treatment of Parkinson's disease by phytochemicals: targeting multiple pathogenic factors

Makoto Naoi et al.

Summary: Parkinson's disease is a general disease with multiple pathological features, and only a few therapies can delay the degeneration of dopamine neurons. Disease-modifying therapy should start earlier in the premotor stage to prevent neurodegeneration and lifestyle interventions, diet adjustments, and nutraceutical supplementation can be potential ways for disease modification.

JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Implementing Complementary Approaches to Shape the Mechanism of α-Synuclein Oligomerization as a Model of Amyloid Aggregation

Marco Giampa et al.

Summary: The aggregation of proteins into amyloid fibers is associated with various cellular and neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the molecular mechanism of aggregation is crucial for finding new therapeutic targets. This review explores different approaches and theories for studying amyloid aggregation, with a focus on alpha-syn.

MOLECULES (2022)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Astrocytic Changes in Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Protein Levels in Parkinson's Disease

Chun Chen et al.

Summary: This study revealed the variability of OXPHOS deficiencies in astrocytes of Parkinson's disease patients, which may affect their ability to support neurons.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Squalamine and trodusquemine: two natural products for neurodegenerative diseases, from physical chemistry to the clinic

Ryan Limbocker et al.

Summary: Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, affecting over 50 million people worldwide, are still largely intractable pharmacologically. Research suggests that natural products squalamine and trodusquemine offer promising opportunities for chronic treatments by preventing the formation of neurotoxic oligomers and their interaction with cell membranes.

NATURAL PRODUCT REPORTS (2022)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Therapeutics in the Pipeline Targeting α-Synuclein for Parkinson's Disease

Hilary Grosso Jasutkar et al.

Summary: This article discusses various approaches to prevent and mitigate alpha-synuclein toxicity in Parkinson's disease, including clearing its aggregates, inhibiting its misfolding and aggregation, reducing its expression level, and enhancing cellular clearance mechanisms. It also discusses the therapeutics in development and the challenges and opportunities in the field.

PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Roflupram attenuates α-synuclein-induced cytotoxicity and promotes the mitochondrial translocation of Parkin in SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing A53T mutant α-synuclein

Jiahong Zhong et al.

Summary: PDE4 facilitates α-syn-induced cytotoxicity via the PKA/p38 MAPK/Parkin pathway, and inhibition of PDE4 by ROF is a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of α-syn-induced neurodegeneration.

TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Two-step screening method to identify α-synuclein aggregation inhibitors for Parkinson's disease

Makoto Hideshima et al.

Summary: In this study, a two-step screening method was used to identify compounds that inhibit alpha-synuclein aggregation. Tannic acid was found to be the most promising candidate as a potential therapeutic drug for Parkinson's disease.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2022)

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Article Neurosciences

Binding Stability of Antibody-α-Synuclein Complexes Predicts the Protective Efficacy of Anti-α-synuclein Antibodies

Matthias Hoellerhage et al.

Summary: The spread of alpha-synuclein (alpha Syn) may be important in Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies. Passive immunization with specific antibodies against alpha Syn appears promising in slowing down the progression of these diseases. This study aims to identify the essential characteristics of therapeutic antibodies. A neuronal co-culture model was established to investigate the protective efficacy of three anti-alpha Syn antibodies. Results showed that two antibodies, one C-terminal and one N-terminal, protected cells from alpha Syn-induced toxicity by inhibiting the uptake of spreading-competent alpha Syn. The stability of antibody-alpha Syn complexes was found to be more important than the binding epitope or affinity to recombinant alpha Syn.

MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Clinical Neurology

A Randomized First-in-Human Study With UB-312, a UBITh® α-Synuclein Peptide Vaccine

Hui Jing Yu et al.

Summary: This study investigated the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of UB-312 vaccination in healthy participants. The results showed that UB-312 vaccination was safe and well tolerated in healthy participants, and induced anti-aSyn antibodies.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

α-Synuclein phosphorylation at serine 129 occurs after initial protein deposition and inhibits seeded fibril formation and toxicity

Simona S. Ghanem et al.

Summary: The phosphorylation of alpha-synuclein at serine 129 inhibits fibril formation and appears to have a protective role in the aggregation process, which has implications for understanding the pathobiology of Lewy body disease.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2022)

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Review Neurosciences

Inflammatory Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease

Juan Garcia-Revilla et al.

Summary: This review summarizes the main immune models related to Parkinson's disease, highlighting the potential roles of microglia and peripheral immune cells in the pathogenesis of the disease. Different models, such as intranigral injections and adenoviral vectors, are discussed and their applications are presented.

JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE (2022)

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Review Neurosciences

General Principles Underpinning Amyloid Structure

Alexander I. P. Taylor et al.

Summary: Amyloid fibrils are a relevant state of protein folding that differs from globular proteins in terms of symmetry, conformational order, and supramolecular scale. Recent advancements in techniques have provided a wealth of information about the molecular and supramolecular organization of amyloids, allowing for a unified understanding of their formation and unique properties.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of the oligomer modulator anle138b with exposure levels sufficient for therapeutic efficacy in a murine Parkinson model: A randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled phase 1a trial

Johannes Levin et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics of an orally bioavailable compound anle138b in healthy subjects through a single ascending dose (SAD) and multiple ascending dose (MAD) study. The results showed that anle138b did not cause major adverse events at doses that achieved therapeutic exposure levels in a mouse Parkinson model. These findings suggest the need for further clinical trials of anle138b in patients with synucleinopathies.

EBIOMEDICINE (2022)

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Review Cell Biology

Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation Pathway in Parkinson's Disease: Current Status and Novel Therapeutic Approaches

Marija Vidovic et al.

Summary: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disorder and lacks disease-modifying therapy. Aggregation of alpha-synuclein (alpha-Syn) is closely associated with PD, and current therapeutic strategies primarily focus on targeting alpha-Syn using small molecules and peptides. Other approaches such as gene silencing, cell transplantation, and immunotherapy are also being explored.

CELLS (2022)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

A novel high-throughput screening strategy for targeting alpha-synuclein and other long-lived proteins

Evan Casalino et al.

Summary: This study reports the development of an HTS assay using a CRISPR-engineered neuroblastoma cell line to identify gene expression inhibitors of highly stable proteins. By inserting a destabilized luciferase reporter gene at the end of the coding region of the SNCA locus, the half-life of the fusion protein was significantly reduced, allowing for accurate reporting of alpha-synuclein levels.

SLAS DISCOVERY (2022)

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Article Neurosciences

Redefining the hypotheses driving Parkinson's diseases research

Sophie L. Farrow et al.

Summary: Parkinson's disease is not a single entity but reflects multiple diseases influenced by various factors. Recent research suggests PD development involves peripheral tissues and nonneuronal cells. Shifting towards biologically defined diseases collectively forming PD may aid in patient stratification and treatment approaches.

NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Ligand-Based Discovery of a Small Molecule as Inhibitor of α-Synuclein Amyloid Formation

Laura De Luca et al.

Summary: This study identified a potent α-Syn amyloid formation inhibitor, MeSC-04, through ligand-based virtual screening and investigated its structural requirements. The results demonstrated that MeSC-04 exhibited similar behavior to the known inhibitor SynuClean-D in reducing the number and size of amyloid fibrils. Molecular modeling studies provided insights into the binding mode of MeSC-04 with α-Syn fibrils.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A penetratin-derived peptide reduces the membrane permeabilization and cell toxicity of ?-synuclein oligomers

Mitra Pirhaghi et al.

Summary: This study identified nine peptides with high specificity and affinity for α-synuclein oligomers (αSOs) using peptide arrays. Peptides p194, p235, and p249 diverted α-synuclein aggregation from fibrils to amorphous aggregates with reduced II-structures and increased random coil content. In addition, a non-aggregating peptide p216 showed 12-fold higher binding affinity to αSOs than to α-synuclein monomers. These findings suggest that p216 is a promising starting point for developing peptides targeting toxic αSOs in Parkinson's disease.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Phosphatidylcholine and Phosphatidylserine Uniquely Modify the Secondary Structure of α-Synuclein Oligomers Formed in Their Presence at the Early Stages of Protein Aggregation

Tianyi Dou et al.

Summary: This study utilized nano-infrared imaging technique to investigate the effect of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine on the structure of alpha-synuclein oligomers. It was found that lipids can alter the secondary structure of the oligomers.

ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The 3D structure of lipidic fibrils of α-synuclein

Benedikt Frieg et al.

Summary: Misfolding and aggregation of alpha-synuclein into fibrils is a common characteristic of alpha-synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease. This study utilizes cryo-electron microscopy to reveal the detailed structure of the interactions between alpha-synuclein fibrils and lipids, providing insights into the mechanism of fibril-induced lipid extraction.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

DOPAnization of tyrosine in α-synuclein by tyrosine hydroxylase leads to the formation of oligomers

Mingyue Jin et al.

Summary: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, and research suggests that tyrosine hydroxylase can facilitate the formation of oligomers of alpha-synuclein through dopamine modification, potentially impacting disease pathogenesis and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A small molecule toll-like receptor antagonist rescues α-synuclein fibril pathology

Jessica Chedid et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates how neuronal TLR2 activation promotes alpha-synuclein pathology and suggests TLR2 as a potential therapeutic target for PD treatment. The activation of TLR2 impairs the autophagy lysosomal pathway and significantly enhances the pathology of alpha-synuclein.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Review Neurosciences

How important is the N-terminal acetylation of alpha-synuclein for its function and aggregation into amyloids?

Aditya Iyer et al.

Summary: N-alpha-acetylation is a common post-translational modification in eukaryotic proteins, which has significant effects on protein regulation and function. However, the precise mechanisms and implications of N-alpha-acetylation of alpha-synuclein (alpha S) are not fully understood. This review provides an overview of current knowledge and discusses the impact of N-alpha-acetylation on the conformational, oligomeric, and fibrillar states of alpha S, as well as its relevance to Lewy body formation and synucleinopathies.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Doxycycline attenuates l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia through an anti-inflammatory effect in a hemiparkinsonian mouse model

Mauricio dos Santos Pereira et al.

Summary: Doxy has the potential to alleviate l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease regardless of the intensity of dopaminergic lesioning. Its anti-inflammatory effects account for the reduction in LID, rather than neurorestorative effects.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2022)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Dysregulation of peripheral monocytes and pro-inflammation of alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease

Yun Su et al.

Summary: This study comprehensively characterized peripheral monocytes in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and investigated the proinflammatory effect of fibrillar alpha-synuclein. The results revealed dysregulation of peripheral monocytes in PD patients, including subpopulation shifts and impaired response to specific stimuli.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Trial of Prasinezumab in Early-Stage Parkinson's Disease

G. Pagano et al.

Summary: The study found that prasinezumab had no meaningful effect on global or imaging measures of Parkinson's disease progression and was associated with infusion reactions.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Trial of Cinpanemab in Early Parkinson's Disease

A. E. Lang et al.

Summary: In participants with early Parkinson's disease, the effects of cinpanemab on clinical measures of disease progression and changes in DaT-SPECT imaging did not differ from those of placebo over a 52-week period.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Oncology

BAG3 promotes autophagy and suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation in Parkinson's disease

Zhong-Ming Ying et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that BAG3 promotes autophagy and suppresses the formation of NLRP3 inflammasome in Parkinson's disease.

ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Preventive pharmacological treatment in subjects at risk for fatal familial insomnia: science and public engagement

Gianluigi Forloni et al.

Summary: Engaging patients as partners in biomedical research is recognized as important for improving the design and outcomes of clinical studies. This paper presents a case study of the collaboration between scientists and a family at genetic risk of a rare disease, resulting in a clinical trial using a repurposed antibiotic for potential therapeutic effect in neurodegenerative disorders.

PRION (2022)

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Review Neurosciences

Neuroinflammation and Immune Changes in Prodromal Parkinson's Disease and Other Synucleinopathies

Miriam Hojholt Terkelsen et al.

Summary: This paper reviews the evidence of neuroinflammation and peripheral immune changes in Parkinson's disease, discusses their pathological roles, and considers factors associated with the immune response.

JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE (2022)

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Review Neurosciences

Central and Peripheral Inflammation: Connecting the Immune Responses of Parkinson's Disease

Gregory P. Williams et al.

Summary: Inflammation has been found to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Both central and peripheral inflammation have been implicated in PD and may be mediated by autoantigenic responses to alpha-syn.

JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE (2022)

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Article Neurosciences

LRP1 is a neuronal receptor for α-synuclein uptake and spread

Kai Chen et al.

Summary: LRP1 is identified as a key regulator of alpha-Syn neuronal uptake and an important mediator of alpha-Syn spread in the brain. This study provides new knowledge on the physiological and pathological role of LRP1 in alpha-Syn trafficking and pathology, offering insight for the treatment of synucleinopathies.

MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION (2022)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Lewy Body Disease Primate Model with α-Synuclein Propagation from the Olfactory Bulb

Masanori Sawamura et al.

Summary: This study established a nonhuman primate model of Lewy body diseases (LBDs) and found that alpha-Syn pathology propagates from the olfactory bulb, resulting in atrophy of the olfactory bulb and reduced cerebral glucose metabolism in LBDs.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Structures of α-synuclein filaments from human brains with Lewy pathology

Yang Yang et al.

Summary: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common movement disorder characterized by resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability. It is associated with the presence of alpha-synuclein inclusions in brain cells. Many PD patients develop dementia after several years of diagnosis. PD dementia (PDD) is similar to dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), which is diagnosed when cognitive impairment precedes parkinsonian motor signs or begins within one year from their onset.

NATURE (2022)

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Article Neurosciences

Pathological structural conversion of α-synuclein at the mitochondria induces neuronal toxicity

Minee L. Choi et al.

Summary: This study tracked the initial self-assembly, oligomerization and structural conversion of alpha-synuclein inside neurons. Early seeding events occur on mitochondrial membranes, where oligomerization induces mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal loss.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The clinical drug candidate anle138b binds in a cavity of lipidic α-synuclein fibrils

Leif Antonschmidt et al.

Summary: Aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins is a characteristic of multiple neurodegenerative diseases. Investigating the interaction between these proteins and potential drugs is crucial for therapeutic development.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Small soluble α-synuclein aggregates are the toxic species in Parkinson's disease

Derya Emin et al.

Summary: This study suggests that small non-fibrillar alpha-synuclein aggregates are the critical species driving neuroinflammation and disease progression in Parkinson's disease.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Neurosciences

Molecular Mechanisms Mediating the Transfer of Disease-Associated Proteins and Effects on Neuronal Activity

Ines C. Bras et al.

Summary: This study systematically compares the molecular mechanisms involved in the release of alpha-synuclein, Tau, and huntingtin proteins and evaluates their effects on cellular activity and inflammation. The results demonstrate that the released proteins can have detrimental effects on surrounding cells and suggest that protein release pathways could be targeted for therapeutic interventions in various neurodegenerative diseases.

JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE (2022)

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Review Neurosciences

Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Parkinson's Disease and Therapeutic Considerations

Linh Thi Nhat Nguyen et al.

Summary: This review summarizes the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and potential therapeutic strategies targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in PD.

JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE (2022)

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Review Neurosciences

Oligomeropathies, inflammation and prion protein binding

Gianluigi Forloni et al.

Summary: Oligomers play a central role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, and inflammation also plays an important role in this process. This review summarizes the studies on β-amyloid and α-synuclein oligomers and discusses the potential therapeutic role of the broad-spectrum antibiotic doxycycline.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE (2022)

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Article Neurosciences

Discrepancy between distribution of alpha-synuclein oligomers and Lewy-related pathology in Parkinson's disease

Hiroaki Sekiya et al.

Summary: The distribution of alpha SYN oligomers differs from Lewy-related pathology (LRP) in Parkinson's disease (PD), with alpha SYN oligomer burden being significantly greater in the neocortex and LRP being greater in vulnerable subcortical regions. In addition, alpha SYN oligomers in the hippocampus are associated with cognitive impairment in PD.

ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Neurosciences

Parkinson-causing mutations in LRRK2 impair the physiological tetramerization of endogenous α-synuclein in human neurons

Luis Fonseca-Ornelas et al.

Summary: The study found that three major genetic forms of Parkinson's disease involve lifelong destabilization of alpha-synuclein physiological tetramers as a common pathogenic mechanism that may occur upstream of progressive neuronal synucleinopathy.

NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Oral ENT-01 Targets Enteric Neurons to Treat Constipation in Parkinson Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Michael Camilleri et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of oral ENT-01 in patients with PD and constipation. The results showed that ENT-01 significantly improved constipation symptoms and had a certain improvement on dementia and psychosis symptoms.

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Inflammation promotes synucleinopathy propagation

Tae-Kyung Kim et al.

Summary: This article proposes that inflammation plays a fundamental role in the spread of proteinopathy. Experiment results show that a variant of alpha-synuclein interferes with fibrillation when mixed with the wild-type protein, but induces more effective aggregate spreading when injected into mouse brains. This spreading process is accompanied by sustained microgliosis and inflammatory responses, which can be suppressed by an anti-inflammatory agent. Cell experiments also demonstrate that exposure to inflammatory cytokines increases the cell-to-cell propagation of alpha-synuclein.

EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Role of post-translational modifications on the alpha-synuclein aggregation-related pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease

Hajung Yoo et al.

Summary: This article reviews the significant impacts of post-translational modifications on alpha-synuclein aggregation and discusses their role in modulating cell death in synucleinopathies.

BMB REPORTS (2022)

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Review Immunology

Inflammation and immune dysfunction in Parkinson disease

Malu Gamez Tansey et al.

Summary: This review explores the role of an ageing immune system, host genetics, and exposure to environmental stressors in promoting the development of Parkinson's disease. It discusses the presence of neuroinflammation and alterations in immune cell populations as well as the potential contributions of viral or bacterial exposure, pesticides, and gut microbiota to disease pathogenesis.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Rifampicin decreases neuroinflammation to maintain mitochondrial function and calcium homeostasis in rotenone-treated zebrafish

Ilknur Yurtsever et al.

Summary: This study aims to evaluate the effects of rifampicin in an experimental PD model in zebrafish, and the results suggest that rifampicin may alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction caused by impaired calcium homeostasis in PD by reducing neuroinflammation.

DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY (2022)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Peripheral inflammation exacerbates α-synuclein toxicity and neuropathology in Parkinson's models

P. La Vitola et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that peripherally induced neuroinflammation can potentiate the detrimental effects of alpha-synuclein oligomers and worsen cognitive deficits in A53T mice. Fine management of neuroinflammation may offer a promising therapeutic approach to prevent or slow down some behavioral aspects in alpha-synucleinopathies.

NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Inflammasome activation in neurodegenerative diseases

Kishore Aravind Ravichandran et al.

Summary: Neurodegenerative diseases pose challenges in treatment due to the critical role of neuroinflammation in disease progression. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome plays a significant role in various neuroinflammatory diseases, and inhibitors have shown promising results in preclinical models. The understanding of NLRP3 inhibitors as a therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases is supported by current research.

MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF NEURODEGENERATION (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Immunohistochemical Detection of Synuclein Pathology in Skin in Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder and Parkinsonism

Ahmed Al-Qassabi et al.

Summary: The study developed and tested an automated bright-field immunohistochemical assay for cutaneous pathological alpha-synuclein deposition in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, PD, and atypical parkinsonism. Results showed that skin biopsy could be used to diagnose both clinical and prodromal PD.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2021)

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Article Biophysics

Internalization of α-synuclein oligomers into SH-SY5Y cells

Lindsay J. Shearer et al.

Summary: Misfolded aggregates of alpha-synuclein play a distinctive role in Parkinson's disease, with small oligomers believed to be neurotoxic. The internalization of alpha-synuclein constructs into cells primarily occurs through endocytosis, with oligomer size having little effect on the pathway. Most of the oligomers are likely degraded in endocytic compartments, with clathrin-mediated pathway being the primary mechanism for internalization.

BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Review Neurosciences

Neuropathology and molecular diagnosis of Synucleinopathies

Shunsuke Koga et al.

Summary: Synucleinopathies are a group of diseases characterized by pathological aggregates of alpha-synuclein in neurons and glia. The two main disease entities are Lewy body disease and multiple system atrophy, each with different clinical subtypes. Currently, there are no disease-modifying therapies, but research on molecular mechanisms provides hope for future treatments.

MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Extract from the Marine Seaweed Padina pavonica Protects Mitochondrial Biomembranes from Damage by Amyloidogenic Peptides

Mario Caruana et al.

Summary: Padina pavonica extract exhibits protective effects on mitochondrial membranes against amyloid protein damage, potentially offering therapeutic benefits in neurodegenerative proteinopathies such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.

MOLECULES (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

α-Synuclein Spread from Olfactory Bulb Causes Hyposmia, Anxiety, and Memory Loss in BAC-SNCA Mice

Norihito Uemura et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological contribution of alpha-Syn spread from the olfactory bulb in PD. The results showed that alpha-Syn preformed fibril injections induced more widespread pathology in transgenic mice, affecting the olfactory pathway and limbic system, leading to hyposmia, anxiety, and memory loss.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Seeded assembly in vitro does not replicate the structures of α-synuclein filaments from multiple system atrophy

Sofia Lovestam et al.

Summary: The study found that the structures of seeded assemblies differ from those of the seeds, indicating that additional unknown factors may play a role in the propagation of seeds. Identification of these factors is crucial for understanding the prion-like spreading of alpha-synuclein proteinopathies.

FEBS OPEN BIO (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Neurodegenerative Disease and the NLRP3 Inflammasome

Jonathan A. Holbrook et al.

Summary: The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing, characterized by progressive neuronal loss, protein aggregation, metabolic abnormalities, and immune dysregulation. Research has shown that low-grade systemic inflammation may impact the development and progression of these diseases, and inflammation may also be a causative factor.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2021)

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Article Biology

Development of an α-synuclein knockdown peptide and evaluation of its efficacy in Parkinson's disease models

Jack Wuyang Jin et al.

Summary: In two mouse models of Parkinson's disease, Jin et al develop and characterise a blood-brain barrier and plasma membrane-permeable alpha-synuclein knockdown peptide, Tat-beta syn-degron. They show that Tat-beta syn-degron decreases alpha-synuclein aggregates and microglial activation as well as reducing neuronal damage and motor impairment. This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of Tat-beta syn-degron in Parkinson's disease treatment.

COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Reactive microglia enhance the transmission of exosomal α-synuclein via toll-like receptor 2

Yun Xia et al.

Summary: Increasing evidence suggests that microglial activation plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of Parkinson's disease, with cell-to-cell propagation of alpha-synuclein pathology being a highlighted feature. Recent studies indicate that plasma exosomes from Parkinson's disease patients carry pathological alpha-synuclein and target microglia preferentially, suggesting their key role in investigating the transmission of alpha-synuclein by microglia.

BRAIN (2021)

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Review Neurosciences

Astrocyte dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: from the perspectives of transmitted α-synuclein and genetic modulation

Changjing Wang et al.

Summary: Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects the elderly, with alpha-synuclein pathology being a pivotal mechanism underlying its development. Astrocytes play a crucial role in PD by internalizing alpha-synuclein from damaged neurons, triggering various adverse effects. The replenishment of functional astrocytes is seen as a valuable therapeutic approach in treating PD.

TRANSLATIONAL NEURODEGENERATION (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

Phosphorylated α-synuclein aggregated in Schwann cells exacerbates peripheral neuroinflammation and nerve dysfunction in Parkinson's disease through TLR2/NF-κB pathway

Li Sun et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that in PD mice models, p-alpha-syn can accumulate in SCs of sciatic nerves, resulting in damage to SCs and axons. It is confirmed that the TLR2/NF-κB pathway plays a role in PD peripheral neuropathy, and treatment with CU-CPT22 can improve motor and sensory functions associated with the condition.

CELL DEATH DISCOVERY (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

Doxycycline inhibits α -synuclein-associated pathologies in vitro and in vivo

Antonio Dominguez-Meijide et al.

Summary: Doxycycline shows neuroprotective effects by reducing and inhibiting the aggregation of α-synuclein, attenuating oxidative stress in cells, and may be an effective strategy against synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease.

NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Rifampicin ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive and motor impairments via inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in mice

Wei Bi et al.

Summary: Rifampicin can suppress LPS-induced neuroinflammation and attenuate cognitive and motor impairments by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappa B signaling pathway.

NEUROLOGICAL RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The release of toxic oligomers from α-synuclein fibrils induces dysfunction in neuronal cells

Roberta Cascella et al.

Summary: The self-assembly of alpha-synuclein (alpha S) is a pathological feature of Parkinson's disease. The authors demonstrate that alpha S fibrils release soluble prefibrillar oligomeric species responsible for neurotoxicity in vitro.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

Identification of Two Novel Peptides That Inhibit α-Synuclein Toxicity and Aggregation

Blagovesta Popova et al.

Summary: The study identified short peptides in budding yeast that inhibit α Syn aggregation and toxicity, reducing the accumulation of toxic species in living cells and increasing cell viability. Two synthetic peptides, K84s and K102s, significantly inhibited α Syn oligomerization and aggregation, showing promising potential for future therapeutic interventions.

FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

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Review Immunology

The Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Phytochemicals and Their Effects on Epigenetic Mechanisms Involved in TLR4/NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation

Haidy A. Saleh et al.

Summary: The innate immune response triggers inflammation and maintains immune homeostasis through epigenetic modifications. Studies have shown the significant impact of epigenetic changes in inflammatory diseases and tumor development, while also highlighting the potential of naturally-derived phytochemicals in regulating these processes.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

Astrocytic atrophy as a pathological feature of Parkinson's disease with LRRK2 mutation

Paula Ramos-Gonzalez et al.

Summary: The study showed that astrocytes derived from Parkinson's disease patients have significant defects, including decreased complexity, abnormal mitochondria, and increased oxidative stress, which may contribute to neuronal death.

NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE (2021)

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Article Biology

Exploring the Release of Toxic Oligomers from α-Synuclein Fibrils with Antibodies and STED Microscopy

Alessandra Bigi et al.

Summary: This study found that prefibrillar oligomers of alpha-synuclein can quickly penetrate neuronal membranes, leading to cell dysfunction; on the other hand, fibril docking to the phospholipid bilayer causes conformational changes in alpha-synuclein, releasing harmful oligomers.

LIFE-BASEL (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Nasal Rifampicin Improves Cognition in a Mouse Model of Dementia with Lewy Bodies by Reducing α-Synuclein Oligomers

Tomohiro Umeda et al.

Summary: The study found that intranasal administration of rifampicin significantly reduced the levels of alpha-synuclein oligomers in DLB model mice and improved cognitive function, suggesting that rifampicin may be a promising remedy for preventing neurodegenerative dementia.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

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Article Immunology

Microglial NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation upon TLR2 and TLR5 Ligation by Distinct α-Synuclein Assemblies

Hannah Scheiblich et al.

Summary: Research has shown that microglia react differently to various forms of α-syn, with NLRP3 inflammasome playing a crucial role in this process, and NLRP3 inhibition can improve the clearance efficiency of α-syn oligomers.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

Investigation of α-Synuclein Species in Plasma Exosomes and the Oligomeric and Phosphorylated α-Synuclein as Potential Peripheral Biomarker of Parkinson's Disease

Hengxing Zheng et al.

Summary: This study examined the aggregation status, localization, and degradation characteristics of a-syn and p-a-syn in plasma exosomes from PD patients and healthy controls. Results indicated poor solubility of a-syn and p-a-syn after protease K treatment, with aggregates found inside and on the membrane surface of plasma exosomes. The ratios of oligomeric a-syn/total a-syn and oligomeric p-a-syn/total p-a-syn in plasma exosomes showed moderate utility in assisting PD diagnosis.

NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Selective targeting of the TLR2/MyD88/NF-κB pathway reduces α-synuclein spreading in vitro and in vivo

Debashis Dutta et al.

Summary: Targeting the TLR2/MyD88/NF-kappa B pathway can reduce alpha-synuclein spreading, decrease neuroinflammation, and protect dopaminergic neurons.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

Vagus Nerve and Stomach Synucleinopathy in Parkinson's Disease, Incidental Lewy Body Disease, and Normal Elderly Subjects: Evidence Against the Body-First Hypothesis

Thomas G. Beach et al.

Summary: The study found that there was no pSyn in the vagus nerve and stomach of subjects without brain pSyn, supporting the hypothesis that pSyn may originate in the brain rather than from an exogenous pathogen passing through the gastric mucosa. Presence of pSyn in the vagus nerve and stomach of a subset of ILBD cases suggests that synucleinopathy within the peripheral nervous system may occur at preclinical stages of Lewy body disease.

JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

Safety and Tolerability of Active Immunotherapy Targeting α-Synuclein with PD03A in Patients with Early Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 1 Study

Werner Poewe et al.

Summary: This phase 1 study evaluated the safety and tolerability of PD03A in patients with early Parkinson's disease, with all patients experiencing at least one adverse event. A substantial IgG antibody response against PD03 was observed, reaching maximum titers at Week 12. The differences in titers between the active groups and placebo were statistically significant from the second immunization at Week 8 until Week 52, supporting the further development of active immunotherapeutic approaches for PD treatment.

JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE (2021)

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Article Neurosciences

Squalamine and Its Derivatives Modulate the Aggregation of Amyloid-β and α-Synuclein and Suppress the Toxicity of Their Oligomers

Ryan Limbocker et al.

Summary: The study reveals the mechanism by which aminosterols modulate the aggregation of Aβ and α-S and suppress their toxicity, indicating that these compounds can inhibit toxicity by displacing toxic oligomeric species from cellular membranes.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Conformation-specific perturbation of membrane dynamics by structurally distinct oligomers of Alzheimer's amyloid-β peptide

Priyanka Madhu et al.

Summary: The accumulation of toxic soluble oligomers of Aβ is a key step in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Two structurally distinct Aβ42 oligomers interact with the lipid membrane via different mechanisms, with A11-positive oligomers undergoing a membrane-induced conformational change and OC-positive oligomers interacting via electrostatic interactions. These interactions eventually lead to the formation of typical amyloid fibrils, and understanding the underlying mechanisms can be crucial in designing therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease.

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

N-Terminal Ubiquitination of Amyloidogenic Proteins Triggers Removal of Their Oligomers by the Proteasome Holoenzyme

Yu Ye et al.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2020)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Targeting the microglial NLRP3 inflammasome and its role in Parkinson's disease

Md Ezazul Haque et al.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2020)

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Article Clinical Neurology

PrP is a central player in toxicity mediated by soluble aggregates of neurodegeneration-causing proteins

Grant T. Corbett et al.

ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA (2020)

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Article Clinical Neurology

alpha-Synuclein BAC transgenic mice exhibit RBD-like behaviour and hyposmia: a prodromal Parkinson's disease model

Tomoyuki Taguchi et al.

BRAIN (2020)

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Article Immunology

Peripheral innate immune and bacterial signals relate to clinical heterogeneity in Parkinson's disease

Ruwani S. Wijeyekoon et al.

BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY (2020)

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Article Toxicology

Rifampicin attenuates rotenone-treated microglia inflammation via improving lysosomal function

Yanran Liang et al.

TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Autonomic ganglionic injection of α-synuclein fibrils as a model of pure autonomic failure α-synucleinopathy

Xue-Jing Wang et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Bidirectional gut-to-brain and brain-to-gut propagation of synucleinopathy in non-human primates

Marie-Laure Arotcarena et al.

BRAIN (2020)

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Letter Cell Biology

Cryo-EM structure of full-length α-synuclein amyloid fibril with Parkinson's disease familial A53T mutation

Yunpeng Sun et al.

CELL RESEARCH (2020)

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Article Biology

Inhibition of synucleinopathic seeding by rationally designed inhibitors

Smriti Sangwan et al.

ELIFE (2020)

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Review Neurosciences

Microbiota-gut-brain axis in health and disease: Is NLRP3 inflammasome at the crossroads of microbiota-gut-brain communications?

Carolina Pellegrini et al.

PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Parkinson's disease associated mutation E46K of α-synuclein triggers the formation of a distinct fibril structure

Kun Zhao et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Microglia clear neuron-released a-synuclein via selective autophagy and prevent neurodegeneration

Insup Choi et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Review Immunology

TLR4 Cross-Talk With NLRP3 Inflammasome and Complement Signaling Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease

Junling Yang et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

P2X7 Receptor is Involved in Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by Extracellular Alpha Synuclein in Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells

Anna Wilkaniec et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Neuronal activity modulates alpha-synuclein aggregation and spreading in organotypic brain slice cultures and in vivo

Qihui Wu et al.

ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA (2020)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Parkinson's disease: etiopathogenesis and treatment

Joseph Jankovic et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY (2020)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Safety and immunogenicity of the α-synuclein active immunotherapeutic PDO1A in patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomised, single-blinded, phase 1 trial

Dieter Volc et al.

LANCET NEUROLOGY (2020)

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Review Geriatrics & Gerontology

SUMOylation in alpha-Synuclein Homeostasis and Pathology

Mor Savyon et al.

FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Fibrillar α-synuclein toxicity depends on functional lysosomes

Stephanie J. Guiney et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2020)

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Article Clinical Neurology

A Phase 1 Randomized Trial of Specific Activeα-SynucleinImmunotherapiesPD01AandPD03Ain Multiple System Atrophy

Wassilios G. Meissner et al.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2020)

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Article Neurosciences

Squalamine Restores the Function of the Enteric Nervous System in Mouse Models of Parkinson's Disease

Christine L. West et al.

JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE (2020)

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Article Neurosciences

Targeting α-synuclein by PD03 AFFITOPE® and Anle138b rescues neurodegenerative pathology in a model of multiple system atrophy: clinical relevance

Miguel Lemos et al.

TRANSLATIONAL NEURODEGENERATION (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

α-Synuclein Exhibits Differential Membrane Perturbation, Nucleation, and TLR2 Binding through Its Secondary Structure

Manisha Kumari et al.

ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Role of α-Synuclein Oligomers in Parkinson's Disease

Xiao-yu Du et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Library Derived 4554W Peptide Inhibits Primary Nucleation of α-Synuclein

Richard M. Meade et al.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Novel antibodies detect additional α-synuclein pathology in synucleinopathies: potential development for immunotherapy

Jacqui T. Nimmo et al.

ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY (2020)

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Review Clinical Neurology

Alzheimer's disease: from basic science to precision medicine approach

Gianluigi Forloni

BMJ NEUROLOGY OPEN (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Sequence and structure-based peptides as potent amyloid inhibitors: A review

Amit Mitra et al.

ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Modeling Parkinson's Disease Neuropathology and Symptoms by Intranigral Inoculation of Preformed Human α-Synuclein Oligomers

Laura Boi et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Neurodegeneration and Inflammation-An Interesting Interplay in Parkinson's Disease

Chrysoula Marogianni et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Alpha-synuclein targets GluN2A NMDA receptor subunit causing striatal synaptic dysfunction and visuospatial memory alteration

Valentina Durante et al.

BRAIN (2019)

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Article Neurosciences

α-Synuclein (αSyn) Preformed Fibrils Induce Endogenous αSyn Aggregation, Compromise Synaptic Activity and Enhance Synapse Loss in Cultured Excitatory Hippocampal Neurons

Qihui Wu et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE (2019)

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Article Neurosciences

Development of an aggregate-selective, human-derived α-synuclein antibody BIIB054 that ameliorates disease phenotypes in Parkinson's disease models

Andreas Weihofen et al.

NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE (2019)

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Article Neurosciences

Chronic Mild Gut Inflammation Accelerates Brain Neuropathology and Motor Dysfunction in α-Synuclein Mutant Mice

Yuki Kishimoto et al.

NEUROMOLECULAR MEDICINE (2019)

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Article Biology

Heparin-induced tau filaments are polymorphic and differ from those in Alzheimer's and Pick's diseases

Wenjuan Zhang et al.

ELIFE (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Identification of a New α-Synuclein Aggregation Inhibitor via Mass Spectrometry Based Screening

Mingming Xu et al.

ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE (2019)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Depopulation of dense α-synuclein aggregates is associated with rescue of dopamine neuron dysfunction and death in a new Parkinson's disease model

Michal Wegrzynowici et al.

ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA (2019)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Evidence for bidirectional and trans-synaptic parasympathetic and sympathetic propagation of alpha-synuclein in rats

Nathalie Van Den Berge et al.

ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA (2019)

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Article Immunology

Toll-like receptors and their therapeutic potential in Parkinson's disease and α-synucleinopathies

Antonina Kouli et al.

BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY (2019)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Randomized phase I clinical trial of anti-α-synuclein antibody BIIB054

Miroslaw Brys et al.

MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2019)

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Article Neurosciences

Transneuronal Propagation of Pathologic α-Synuclein from the Gut to the Brain Models Parkinson's Disease

Sangjune Kim et al.

NEURON (2019)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Doxycycline for Alzheimer's Disease: Fighting β-Amyloid Oligomers and Neuroinflammation

Claudia Balducci et al.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2019)

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Article Cell Biology

Rifampicin and Its Derivative Rifampicin Quinone Reduce Microglial Inflammatory Responses and Neurodegeneration Induced In Vitro by α-Synuclein Fibrillary Aggregates

Leonardo Acuna et al.

CELLS (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

N-Terminal Acetylation Affects α-Synuclein Fibril Polymorphism

Matthew D. Watson et al.

BIOCHEMISTRY (2019)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

α-synuclein oligomers and fibrils: a spectrum of species, a spectrum of toxicities

Parvez Alam et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY (2019)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Targeting toll-like receptor 4 to modulate neuroinflammation in central nervous system disorders

Gunnar R. Leitner et al.

EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC TARGETS (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Structures of fibrils formed by α-synuclein hereditary disease mutant H50Q reveal new polymorphs

David R. Boyer et al.

NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2019)

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Article Cell Biology

Mitochondrial damage by α-synuclein causes cell death in human dopaminergic neurons

Goutham K. Ganjam et al.

CELL DEATH & DISEASE (2019)

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Review Geriatrics & Gerontology

Neuroinflammation and the Gut Microbiota: Possible Alternative Therapeutic Targets to Counteract Alzheimer's Disease?

Milica Cerovic et al.

FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE (2019)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Targeting Microglial and Neuronal Toll-like Receptor 2 in Synucleinopathies

Somin Kwon et al.

EXPERIMENTAL NEUROBIOLOGY (2019)

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Article Clinical Neurology

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Exosomal cell-to-cell transmission of alpha synuclein oligomers

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Prion propagation and toxicity in vivo occur in two distinct mechanistic phases

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α-Synuclein occurs physiologically as a helically folded tetramer that resists aggregation

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Synthetic amyloid-β oligomers impair long-term memory independently of cellular prion protein

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Exogenous α-synuclein fibrils seed the formation of Lewy body-like intracellular inclusions in cultured cells

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Different species of α-synuclein oligomers induce calcium influx and seeding

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Effects of α-synuclein immunization in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease

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Channels formed with a mutant prion protein PrP(82-146) homologous to a 7-kDa fragment in diseased brain of GSS patients

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Review Geriatrics & Gerontology

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α-synuclein, especially the Parkinson's disease-associated mutants, forms pore-like annular and tubular protofibrils

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Tetracyclines affect prion infectivity

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α-Synuclein is phosphorylated in synucleinopathy lesions

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Membrane-bound α-synuclein has a high aggregation propensity and the ability to seed the aggregation of the cytosolic form

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Aβ peptide vaccination prevents memory loss in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

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Tetracycline affects abnormal properties of synthetic PrP peptides and PrPSc in vitro

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JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2000)

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Article Neurosciences

Full length α-synuclein is present in cerebrospinal fluid from Parkinson's disease and normal subjects

R Borghi et al.

NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS (2000)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease

MB Feany et al.

NATURE (2000)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Acceleration of oligomerization, not fibrillization, is a shared property of both α-synuclein mutations linked to early-onset Parkinson's disease:: Implications for pathogenesis and therapy

KA Conway et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2000)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Reversion of prion protein conformational changes by synthetic β-sheet breaker peptides

C Soto et al.

LANCET (2000)

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