Lung Epithelial Cells from Obese Patients Have Impaired Control of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Obesity is known to increase the complications of the COVID-19 coronavirus disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the exact mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in obese patients have not been clearly elucidated. This study aims to better understand the effect of obesity on the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection and identify candidate molecular pathways involved in the progression of the disease, using an in vitro live infection model and RNA sequencing. Results from this study revealed the enhancement of viral load and replication in bronchial epithelial cells (NHBE) from obese subjects at 24 h of infection (MOI = 0.5) as compared to non-obese subjects. Transcriptomic profiling via RNA-Seq highlighted the enrichment of lipid metabolism-related pathways along with LPIN2, an inflammasome regulator, as a unique differentially expressed gene (DEG) in infected bronchial epithelial cells from obese subjects. Such findings correlated with altered cytokine and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) expression during infection of bronchial cells. These findings provide a novel insight on the molecular interplay between obesity and SARS-CoV-2 infection. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the increased SARS-CoV-2 infection of bronchial epithelial cells from obese subjects and highlights the impaired immunity which may explain the increased severity among obese COVID-19 patients.

Automated summary

Obesity increases the complications of COVID-19, but the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in obese patients are unclear. This study used an in vitro model and RNA sequencing to investigate the effect of obesity on SARS-CoV-2 infection and identified molecular pathways involved in disease progression. The results showed higher viral load and replication in bronchial epithelial cells from obese subjects compared to non-obese subjects. RNA-Seq analysis revealed enrichment of lipid metabolism-related pathways and identified LPIN2 as a unique differentially expressed gene in infected bronchial epithelial cells from obese subjects.