Pathogenesis of Oral Toxicities Associated with Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy

Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have redefined cancer treatment. While they have enhanced tumor response and improved survival rates in many cancer types, toxicities continue to occur, and these often involve the oral cavity. Broadly reported as mucositis or stomatitis, oral toxicities induced by targeted therapies differ clinically and mechanistically from those associated with conventional chemotherapy. Manifesting primarily as mucosal lesions, salivary gland hypofunction, or orofacial neuropathies, these oral toxicities may nonetheless lead to significant morbidity and impact patients' quality of life, thereby compromising clinical outcomes. We conclude that familiarity with the spectrum of associated toxicities and understanding of their pathogenesis represent important areas of clinical research and may lead to better characterization, prevention, and management of these adverse events.

Automated summary

Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have revolutionized cancer treatment, but oral toxicities induced by these therapies remain a concern. These toxicities can manifest as mucosal lesions, salivary gland dysfunction, or orofacial neuropathies, impacting patients' quality of life and clinical outcomes. Further research is needed to better understand and manage these adverse events.