☆ 4.7 Review

Dimethyl Fumarate and Intestine: From Main Suspect to Potential Ally against Gut Disorders

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2023)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Gut Microbiota Changes during Dimethyl Fumarate Treatment in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Caterina Ferri et al.

Summary: The gut microbiota plays a role in the development of the immune system and can affect the risk for immune-mediated disorders like multiple sclerosis (MS). This study shows that treatment with dimethyl fumarate (DMF) leads to changes in gut microbiota composition and identifies specific microorganisms associated with side effects of DMF. These findings suggest that targeting the gut microbiota could improve disease course and tolerance to DMF.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2023)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Dysregulation of CD177+ neutrophils on intraepithelial lymphocytes exacerbates gut inflammation via decreasing microbiota-derived DMF

Huimin Chen et al.

Summary: Neutrophils synergize with intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) to maintain intestinal homeostasis, but the mechanisms underlying their regulation of IELs and intestinal inflammation are not completely understood. Depletion of neutrophils, particularly the CD177(+) subset, led to expansion of colitogenic TCR gamma delta(+)CD8 alpha alpha(+) IELs, increased intestinal inflammation, and dysbiosis in mice. The dysbiosis was associated with decreased levels of microbiota-derived fumarate and its derivative dimethyl fumarate (DMF), which play a role in regulating TCR gamma delta(+)CD8 alpha alpha(+) IEL activation. DMF supplementation alleviated intestinal mucosal inflammation and restricted TCR gamma delta(+)CD8 alpha alpha(+) IEL pyroptosis, suggesting that DMF may be a therapeutic target for intestinal inflammation.

GUT MICROBES (2023)

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Article Anatomy & Morphology

Dimethyl fumarate protects against intestine damage in necrotizing enterocolitis by inhibiting the Toll-like receptor (TLR) inflammatory signaling pathway

Yanhong Mi et al.

Summary: The study aimed to investigate the protective effect of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) on necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and its mechanism. Results showed that DMF attenuated NEC-induced weight loss and abdominal distension diarrhea, alleviated intestinal pathological injuries, and inhibited intestinal cell apoptosis. These effects were related to the inhibition of the TLR signaling pathway and alleviation of the inflammatory response.

TISSUE & CELL (2023)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The Role of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in the Induction of Remission in Ulcerative Colitis

Adam Saleh et al.

Summary: Microbiome and/or microbiome-host immune system interactions play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), leading to interest in microbiota-modulating interventions like fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for managing ulcerative colitis (UC). Studies have shown varying clinical responses to FMT in UC, but certain characteristics of the donor microbiome, such as increased biodiversity, specific bacteria, and reduced bacteriophages, predict a positive response. However, inconsistencies in FMT protocols and the need for further randomized controlled trials hinder its widespread recommendation as a treatment for UC.

DIGESTIVE DISEASES (2023)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Fecal microbiota transplantation for induction of remission in Crohn's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Siyu Zhou et al.

Summary: A systematic review and meta-analysis showed that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could be a promising and safe therapy for short-term treatment of active Crohn's disease (CD).

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COLORECTAL DISEASE (2023)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The Role of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in the Induction of Remission in Ulcerative Colitis

Adam Saleh et al.

Summary: The microbiome and microbiome-host immune system interactions play an important role in the pathogenesis of IBD, leading to the interest in microbiota-modulating interventions such as FMT for UC treatment. Certain characteristics of the donor microbiome have been identified as predictors of positive response to FMT, but inconsistency in study protocols makes it difficult to predict response and premature to recommend FMT as a general treatment for UC. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to define the role of FMT in UC management.

DIGESTIVE DISEASES (2023)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The global burden of coeliac disease: opportunities and challenges

Govind K. Makharia et al.

Summary: Despite advances in testing, awareness of coeliac disease remains suboptimal. This article summarizes the current knowledge and highlights research opportunities in epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis and follow-up of coeliac disease. Challenges in diagnosis and management suggest opportunities for future research.

NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2022)

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Review Cell Biology

Pathological and therapeutic roles of bioactive peptide trefoil factor 3 in diverse diseases: recent progress and perspective

Yiqi Yang et al.

Summary: Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is a small-molecule peptide mainly secreted by intestinal goblet cells, which has mucosal repair effect in the gastrointestinal tract. It also exhibits carcinogenic activity and potential regulatory effect on the nervous and endocrine systems. Understanding the molecular function of TFF3 in specific diseases might provide new insights for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

CELL DEATH & DISEASE (2022)

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Article Biology

Miconazole Mitigates Acetic Acid-Induced Experimental Colitis in Rats: Insight into Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Keap1/Nrf-2 Signaling Crosstalk

Ifat A. Alsharif et al.

Summary: The present study investigated the protective effect of miconazole, sulfasalazine, and their combination on acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in a rat model. The results showed that miconazole alone or in combination with sulfasalazine significantly improved the symptoms of ulcerative colitis and suppressed oxidative stress and inflammation through the activation of the Nrf2 pathway. Therefore, miconazole may be a potential alternative treatment for ulcerative colitis.

BIOLOGY-BASEL (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Nrf2 Transcriptional Activity Governs Intestine Development

Aleksandra Kopacz et al.

Summary: Our study found that Nrf2 transcriptional activity is crucial for maintaining the proper large intestinal structure in adult mice. We investigated whether Nrf2-related intestine abnormalities originated from the early weaning or gestational periods. Our results showed that the alterations in intestinal structure were present as early as day 14.5 of embryonic development, independent of sex. We suspect that disturbed intestinal cell proliferation and altered differentiation contribute to the intestine abnormalities in mice lacking Nrf2 transcriptional activity.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

A Microbial Signature for Paediatric Perianal Crohn's Disease

Jessica Breton et al.

Summary: The microbial community in children with perianal fistulising CD is different in composition and function compared to other CD patients and healthy children, highlighting the importance of understanding the microbiome in the perianal milieu for developing treatment strategies.

JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS (2022)

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Article Immunology

The Nutritional Intervention of Resveratrol Can Effectively Alleviate the Intestinal Inflammation Associated With Celiac Disease Induced by Wheat Gluten

Tian Yu et al.

Summary: This study investigated the alleviating effects of resveratrol on celiac disease. Resveratrol was found to reduce intestinal oxidative stress and inflammatory damage caused by wheat gluten in cell and mouse models of celiac disease. It played a role in regulating the development of autoimmunity, nutrient absorption, and the complex response system of oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and immune response in the intestine by activating specific signaling pathways and genes.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Medicinal

Repurposing Dimethyl Fumarate for Cardiovascular Diseases: Pharmacological Effects, Molecular Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Promise

Shilu Deepa Thomas et al.

Summary: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a small molecule drug with potent immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. It has been approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and psoriasis and is being explored for its potential applications in other diseases where inflammation needs to be suppressed. This review focuses on DMF, discussing its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic profile, pharmacological uses, and its potential applications in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

PHARMACEUTICALS (2022)

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Article Immunology

Epoxymicheliolide prevents dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice by inhibiting TAK1-NF-?B pathway and activating Keap1-NRF2 signaling in macrophages

Jinchen He et al.

Summary: This study investigated the therapeutic effect of Epoxymicheliolide (EMCL) on DSS-induced mice colitis and found that EMCL has anti-inflammatory effects by targeting the NFκB and Nrf2 pathways, indicating its potential as a drug candidate for treating ulcerative colitis (UC).

INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Protective Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract in Preventing DSS Induced Ulcerative Colitis Based on Pharmacodynamic, Pharmacokinetic and Tissue Distribution

Xinrui Wang et al.

Summary: The potential protective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice was explored. GSPE reduced pathological damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the colon, and the active components of GSPE could reach the lesion site in the colon and accumulate in some tissues. The findings suggest that GSPE has a protective effect against ulcerative colitis.

CURRENT DRUG METABOLISM (2022)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Dimethyl fumarate: A review of preclinical efficacy in models of neurodegenerative diseases

Irena Majkutewicz

Summary: This review analyzes and compares the neuroprotective, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects of DMF and its active metabolite, MMF, in cellular and animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. There are currently over twenty studies in this field, mostly focused on models of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, but there are discrepancies in the results of these studies.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY (2022)

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Review Cell Biology

The Challenge of Dimethyl Fumarate Repurposing in Eye Pathologies

Federico Manai et al.

Summary: This comprehensive review discusses the potential repositioning of Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) in the field of eye diseases, including Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). The article summarizes the mechanism of action of DMF, extensive analysis of in vitro and in vivo evidence, and current clinical trials. The review highlights the potential applications of DMF in ophthalmologic diseases characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress, with a focus on AMD, and discusses the feasibility of topical administration of DMF to the eye.

CELLS (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Gut microbiota composition as a candidate risk factor for dimethyl fumarate-induced lymphopenia in multiple sclerosis

Martin Diebold et al.

Summary: This study investigated the effects of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) on gut microbiota composition and host/microbial metabolomics in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The results revealed longitudinal changes in gut microbiota composition and an increase in citric acid cycle metabolites under DMF treatment. Furthermore, the study found a correlation between DMF-induced lymphopenia and distinct baseline microbiome signatures in MS patients, providing insights into the role of microbiota in mediating clinical side-effects.

GUT MICROBES (2022)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Antioxidant activity and protective effect of wheat germ peptides in an in vitro celiac disease model via Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway

Chunfeng Wang et al.

Summary: This study found that wheat germ peptides can effectively mitigate the cellular damage induced by alpha-gliadin peptide, providing a new perspective for the prevention and treatment of celiac disease.

FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of Melianodiol on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice

Jinhuang Shen et al.

Summary: This study found that Melianodiol (MN) can activate the Nrf-2 signaling pathway and inhibit the JAK/STAT, iNOS/eNOS, and NF-kappa B signaling cascades, enhance intestinal barrier function, and effectively reduce the LPS-mediated inflammatory response in mouse macrophages and DSS-induced intestinal injury in UC.

PEERJ (2022)

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Article Immunology

Effect and mechanism of peanut skin proanthocyanidins on gliadin-induced Caco-2 celiac disease model cells

Na Wang et al.

Summary: Peanut skin proanthocyanidins (PSPc) have a significant effect on CD intervention by inhibiting oxidative stress through regulation of the SIRT1/NRF2 pathway.

CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Intestinal Mucosal Repair by Positively Regulating the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE Signaling Pathway in Acute Experimental Colitis

Peng Liu et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their conditioned medium (CM) can effectively improve intestinal mucosal repair in colitis. MSCs improve this condition by activating the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE pathway.

DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Structural insights into the multiple binding modes of Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF) and its analogs to the Kelch domain of Keap1

Sruthi Unni et al.

Summary: The activation of Nrf2 transcription function is linked to the protection of neurodegenerative diseases through the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) binds to multiple sites of Keap1, potentially activating Nrf2 function through covalent and noncovalent modes to combat oxidative stress. The newly identified 'site 2' region in Keap1-DC may have a different functional role in regulating Nrf2.

FEBS JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Nrf2/ARE Activators Improve Memory in Aged Mice via Maintaining of Mitochondrial Quality Control of Brain and the Modulation of Gut Microbiome

Irina S. Sadovnikova et al.

Summary: Compounds activated via the Nrf2/ARE pathway enhance mitochondrial quality control and are associated with a positive change in gut microbiome composition, leading to improved memory in aged mice.

PHARMACEUTICALS (2021)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The Nrf2 in the pathophysiology of the intestine: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications for inflammatory bowel diseases

Marta Piotrowska et al.

Summary: Nrf2 is a stress-responsive transcription factor that plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. When triggered by oxidative or electrophilic stress, Keapl dissociates from Nrf2, allowing Nrf2 to translocate to the nucleus and induce the expression of anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory genes. This axis is a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases and their complications.

PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Constitutive Activation of Nrf2 in Mice Expands Enterogenesis in Small Intestine Through Negative Regulation of Math1

Yoko Yagishita et al.

Summary: The study revealed that activation of the Nrf2 signaling negatively regulates Math1 in the Notch cascade, leading to excessive enterogenesis in the intestinal epithelium. These two signaling pathways have inverse spatial profiles in the intestinal epithelium, and may play crucial roles in regulating intestinal homeostasis.

CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Different Fumaric Acid Esters Elicit Distinct Pharmacologic Responses

Brian T. Wipke et al.

Summary: The study investigated the biological changes elicited by dimethyl fumarate (DMF, Tecfidera) and monoethyl fumarate (MEF) in rodents and cynomolgus monkeys. The results showed that DMF and MEF have different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects, leading to distinct responses in immune tissues. Combination treatment with DMF/MEF was found to modify biological responses unpredictably and may induce lymphopenia in patients with MS.

NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Dimethyl fumarate protects against intestinal ischemia/reperfusion lesion: Participation of Nrf2/HO-1, GSK-3β and Wnt/β-catenin pathway

Abdallah Gendy et al.

Summary: The study showed that DMFU protects the intestine from ischemia/reperfusion injury by enhancing Nrf2 and HO-1 expression, reducing GSK-3 beta expression, increasing beta-catenin expression, and modulating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses.

BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY (2021)

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Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

The Burden of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Europe in 2020

Mirabella Zhao et al.

Summary: New data shows that the incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are on the rise worldwide, with approximately 0.2% of the European population currently suffering from IBD. Medical therapy and disease management have significantly advanced, emphasizing close monitoring of disease progression and a treat-to-target approach to prevent early bowel damage and disability. The surgical rate in Europe has decreased over time, with high health economic burden associated with IBD in the region.

JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Dimethyl Fumarate, an Approved Multiple Sclerosis Treatment, Reduces Brain Oxidative Stress in SIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques: Potential Therapeutic Repurposing for HIV Neuroprotection

Yoelvis Garcia-Mesa et al.

Summary: DMF treatment in SIV-infected rhesus macaques led to increased expression of antioxidant enzymes in the brain, decreased oxidative stress, and potentially neuroprotective effects.

ANTIOXIDANTS (2021)

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Article Immunology

Dimethyl Fumarate Alleviates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Microglia and Sickness Behavior in LPS-Challenged Mice

Bora Tastan et al.

Summary: In this study, DMF was shown to alleviate NLRP3 inflammasome activation by reducing levels of IL-1 beta, IL-18, caspase-1, and NLRP3, oxidative stress, and pyroptotic cell death via the Nrf2/NF-kappa B pathways. Additionally, DMF improved LPS-induced sickness behavior in male mice and decreased caspase-1/NLRP3 levels through Nrf2 activation.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comprehensive Review

Zhaobei Cai et al.

Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a global disease that has attracted significant research interest. Constant research has led to a better understanding of the disease and promoted the development of conventional and novel treatments. From small molecules to cell therapy, diverse therapeutic options are emerging, offering new hope for treating IBD.

FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Food Science & Technology

Green Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Hull Polyphenol Extracts Ameliorate DSS-Induced Colitis through Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway and Gut Microbiota Modulation

Fanghua Guo et al.

Summary: The study found that green pea hull extracts are rich in phenolic substances, such as quercetin, and have significant effects in alleviating DSS-induced colitis.

FOODS (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Intestinal Permeability and Circulating CD161+CCR6+CD8+T Cells in Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Dimethylfumarate

Maria C. Buscarinu et al.

Summary: The gut barrier is often altered in patients with multiple sclerosis, and the CD161+CCR6+CD8+ T cell subset demonstrates dynamics that correlate with disease progression and treatment.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Alterations of the gut mycobiome in patients with MS

Saumya Shah et al.

Summary: This study revealed alterations in the gut mycobiome of patients with multiple sclerosis compared to healthy controls, with Saccharomyces and Aspergillus being over-represented in the patient group. Different mycobiome profiles were associated with specific bacterial microbiome and immune cell subsets in the blood of patients. Further research is needed to explore the potential causal relationship between the mycobiome and multiple sclerosis, as well as its interactions with bacteria and autoimmunity.

EBIOMEDICINE (2021)

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Article Immunology

Fungemia and other Fungal Infections Associated with Use of Saccharomyces boulardii Probiotic Supplements

Juha Rannikko et al.

Summary: The study assessed the association between the use of S. boulardii probiotic and Saccharomyces fungemia, finding a higher odds ratio among patients using the probiotic. Additionally, the study shed light on the scale of nonblood Saccharomyces culture findings linked to use of this probiotic.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Diroximel Fumarate Demonstrates an Improved Gastrointestinal Tolerability Profile Compared with Dimethyl Fumarate in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Results from the Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III EVOLVE-MS-2 Study

Robert T. Naismith et al.

CNS DRUGS (2020)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Tolerability and safety of dimethyl fumarate in relapsing multiple sclerosis: a prospective observational multicenter study in a real-life Spanish population

Julia Sabin et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY (2020)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Dimethyl fumarate ameliorates hepatic inflammation in alcohol related liver disease

Moris Sangineto et al.

LIVER INTERNATIONAL (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Crohn's disease

Giulia Roda et al.

NATURE REVIEWS DISEASE PRIMERS (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Dimethyl Fumarate Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis, through the Activation of Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Pathways

Shiri Li et al.

ANTIOXIDANTS (2020)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Monomethyl fumarate has better gastrointestinal tolerability profile compared with dimethyl fumarate

Daniel Wynn et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS (2020)

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Review Biology

Pathophysiology of Crohn's disease inflammation and recurrence

L. Petagna et al.

BIOLOGY DIRECT (2020)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Monomethyl fumarate treatment impairs maturation of human myeloid dendritic cells and their ability to activate T cells

Maria Antonietta Mazzola et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2019)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Monomethyl fumarate treatment impairs maturation of human myeloid dendritic cells and their ability to activate T cells

Maria Antonietta Mazzola et al.

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL (2019)

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Editorial Material Ophthalmology

Fumaric acid: a possible new therapy for macular edema?

Lukas Kofler et al.

INTERNATIONAL OPHTHALMOLOGY (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Pretreatment with Korean red ginseng or dimethyl fumarate attenuates reactive gliosis and confers sustained neuroprotection against cerebral hypoxic-ischemic damage by an Nrf2-dependent mechanism

Lei Liu et al.

FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (2019)

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Review Chemistry, Medicinal

Dimethyl fumarate, a two-edged drug: Current status and future directions

Nathaniel Edward Bennett Saidu et al.

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Nrf2-miR-129-3p-mTOR Axis Controls an miRNA Regulatory Network Involved in HDACi-Induced Autophagy

Weijian Sun et al.

MOLECULAR THERAPY (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

p62/SQSTM1 protects against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress in kidneys by mediating the cross talk between autophagy and the Keap1-Nrf2 signalling pathway

Weitang Liao et al.

FREE RADICAL RESEARCH (2019)

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A Protective Role of the NRF2-Keap1 Pathway in Maintaining Intestinal Barrier Function

Zhiyong Wen et al.

OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY (2019)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Improving the Gastrointestinal Tolerability of Fumaric Acid Esters: Early Findings on Gastrointestinal Events with Diroximel Fumarate in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis from the Phase 3, Open-Label EVOLVE-MS-1 Study

Michael J. Palte et al.

ADVANCES IN THERAPY (2019)

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Article Immunology

Induction of Regulatory Properties in the Intestinal Immune System by Dimethyl Fumarate in Lewis Rat Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis

Kalliopi Pitarokoili et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Article Cell Biology

Dimethylfumarate Inhibits Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Proliferation: Evidence for Cell Cycle Arrest, Apoptosis and Autophagy

Irina Kaluzki et al.

CELLS (2019)

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Review Cell Biology

Dimethyl fumarate: Regulatory effects on the immune system in the treatment of multiple sclerosis

Arezoo Hosseini et al.

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY (2019)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

HYCO-3, a dual CO-releaser/Nrf2 activator, reduces tissue inflammation in mice challenged with lipopolysaccharide

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Ethyl Pyruvate Induces Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

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FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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The multiple faces of inflammatory enteric glial cells: is Crohn's disease a gliopathy?

Camille Pochard et al.

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Akinori Yanaka

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Mahesh Gajendran et al.

DM DISEASE-A-MONTH (2018)

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Dimethyl fumarate attenuates reactive microglia and long-term memory deficits following systemic immune challenge

Hallel C. Paraiso et al.

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Two-year real-life efficacy, tolerability and safety of dimethyl fumarate in an Italian multicentre study

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

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Orsolya Kapuy et al.

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Chaithanya Chelakkot et al.

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Sookjin Kang et al.

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

A microbial signature for Crohn's disease

Victoria Pascal et al.

GUT (2017)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Two Approaches to the Synthesis of Dimethyl Fumarate That Demonstrate Fundamental Principles of Organic Chemistry

Brian E. Love et al.

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION (2017)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: a systematic review of population-based studies

Siew C. Ng et al.

LANCET (2017)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Ulcerative colitis

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Fine-mapping inflammatory bowel disease loci to single-variant resolution

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A functional genomics predictive network model identifies regulators of inflammatory bowel disease

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Depletion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in psoriasis patients, restored by Dimethylfumarate therapy (DMF)

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Dimethyl fumarate reduces the risk of mycotoxins via improving intestinal barrier and microbiota

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ONCOTARGET (2017)

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Oral Multiple Sclerosis Drugs Inhibit the In vitro Growth of Epsilon Toxin Producing Gut Bacterium, Clostridium perfringens

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FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2017)

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Anti-encephalitogenic effects of ethyl pyruvate are reflected in the central nervous system and the gut

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Adaptive response activated by dietary cis9, trans11 conjugated linoleic acid prevents distinct signs of gliadin-induced enteropathy in mice

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Dimethyl Fumarate Reduces Inflammatory Responses in Experimental Colitis

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Repurposing the NRF2 Activator Dimethyl Fumarate as Therapy Against Synucleinopathy in Parkinson's Disease

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Dimethyl fumarate ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced murine experimental colitis by activating Nrf2 and suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation

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Duodenal Bacteria From Patients With Celiac Disease and Healthy Subjects Distinctly Affect Gluten Breakdown and Immunogenicity

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Dimethyl fumarate alters microglia phenotype and protects neurons against proinflammatory toxic microenvironments

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AMPK Facilitates Nuclear Accumulation of Nrf2 by Phosphorylating at Serine 550

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Dimethyl fumarate treatment induces adaptive and innate immune modulation independent of Nrf2

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ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA (2015)

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Dimethyl fumarate induces necroptosis in colon cancer cells through GSH depletion/ROS increase/MAPKs activation pathway

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DMF, but not other fumarates, inhibits NF-κB activity in vitro in an Nrf2-independent manner

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Dimethyl Fumarate and Monoethyl Fumarate Exhibit Differential Effects on KEAP1, NRF2 Activation, and Glutathione Depletion In Vitro

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Dimethyl fumarate inhibits the expression and function of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)

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Sestrins Activate Nrf2 by Promoting p62-Dependent Autophagic Degradation of Keap1 and Prevent Oxidative Liver Damage

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Dimethyl fumarate: a Janus-faced substance?

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Dimethyl fumarate regulates histone deacetylase expression in astrocytes

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Physical and Functional Interaction of Sequestosome 1 with Keap1 Regulates the Keap1-Nrf2 Cell Defense Pathway

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Detection of Metabolites of Fumaric Acid Esters in Human Urine: Implications for Their Mode of Action

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Ethyl pyruvate decreases HMGB1 release and ameliorates murine colitis

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A salutary case of Fumaderm(R) potentially masking the symptoms of bowel cancer and partial bowel obstruction

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Nrf2-deficient mice have an increased susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis

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Presystemic metabolism and intestinal absorption of antipsoriatic fumaric acid esters

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Dimethylfumarate inhibits TNF-induced nuclear entry of NF-κB/p65 in human endothelial cells

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Preferential expression of antioxidant response element mediated gene expression in astrocytes

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