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Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sandeep Bhushan et al.
Summary: Cardiovascular disease is a major global health burden and a leading cause of death. The genetic factors underlying predisposition to cardiovascular disease are not well understood, and the molecular mechanisms involved in cardiovascular diseases are still unclear. The renin-angiotensin system, particularly the actions of ACE and ACE2, plays a crucial role in blood pressure regulation and heart failure. Understanding the role of ACE2 in the cardiovascular system and the renin-angiotensin system is still a subject of research.
CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Miklos Fagyas et al.
Summary: This study investigated the circulating ACE2 activity in COVID-19 patients and found that it correlated with disease severity and predicted mortality, suggesting its potential as a prognostic marker.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Xiaoyu Fang et al.
Summary: The study found that 51.1% of older COVID-19 patients had at least one post-sequelae one year after hospital discharge, with fatigue, sweating, chest tightness, and anxiety being the most common. Disease severity, age, and follow-up time were the main risk factors associated with an increased risk of post-sequelae and high CAT scores among older patients.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2022)
Review
Virology
Wacharapol Saengsiwaritt et al.
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature to explore the associations between genetic variants in ACE1, ACE2, and TMPRSS2 genes and susceptibility and severity of COVID-19. The meta-analysis revealed significant associations between TMPRSS2 rs12329760 C-allele and increased risk of severe COVID-19, as well as ACE1 rs4646994 DD-genotype and ACE2 rs2285666 GG-genotype carriers and increased risk of severe COVID-19. These genetic polymorphisms may serve as predictive models of COVID-19 severity.
REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mohammadarian Akbari et al.
Summary: The contribution of the renin-angiotensinogen system in the risk of COVID-19 and related complications has been assessed, but the results are inconsistent. This study examined ACE1 and ACE2 levels in COVID-19 patients and healthy controls, as well as genotyped two polymorphisms in the ACE1 gene. The findings suggest that ACE1 polymorphisms may affect the risk of COVID-19 and ACE expression.
VASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Roman Reindl-Schwaighofer et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 enters cells through ACE2, and severe COVID-19 is associated with elevated levels of angiotensin II and increased activation of both classical and alternative RAS pathways. ACE-S is significantly lower in severe COVID-19 and does not correlate with ACE concentrations, while ALT-S is correlated with ACE2 concentration.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Dapeng Li et al.
Summary: This prospective cohort study evaluated the long-term clinical status of COVID-19 in recovered patients. The study found that one year after hospital discharge, patients continued to experience pulmonary and extrapulmonary dysfunction. Common symptoms reported included fatigue and sleep difficulties. Abnormal chest CT scans were found in the majority of patients, and kidney function declined persistently after discharge.
ANNALS OF INTENSIVE CARE
(2022)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Kajal Gupta et al.
Summary: This study provides a synthesis of evidence on the genetic determinants implicated in COVID-19 so far and shows a correlation between certain genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to and severity of COVID-19.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Arezoo Faridzadeh et al.
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the association of ACE1 and ACE2 gene polymorphisms with the severity of COVID-19. The findings suggest that the ACE1 DD genotype is inversely correlated with intubation risk and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Additionally, the ACE2 rs1978124 CT and TT genotypes have a positive role in susceptibility to COVID-19 in females, but a protective effect against the severity of the disease.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sarbashri Bank et al.
Summary: The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 is a global catastrophe, with the virus entering host cells through ACE2 receptor recognition, particularly in the lungs, affecting the balance of ACE/ACE2. The virus's invasion strategy involves the role of interferon and protease, while cytokines and hypoxia also play a role in this balance. Disruption of ACE/ACE2 balance at different stages of infection can lead to the development of comorbidities.
BIOSCIENCE REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Aslihan Avanoglu Guler et al.
Summary: This study investigated the serum ACE activity and its correlation with clinical features and disease severity in patients with COVID-19. The results showed no association between serum ACE activity and COVID-19, and serum ACE activity on admission did not reflect disease severity.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL & LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Virology
Wenlin Ren et al.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Naoki Yamamoto et al.
Summary: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays a significant role in SARS-CoV-2 infection, with ACE1 gene polymorphisms potentially linked to the severity of COVID-19 symptoms. Variations in ACE1 insertion/deletion polymorphism may explain mortality differences between regions, while research on the ACE1 genotype could offer new insights into the pathogenesis, treatment, and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Halim Saad et al.
Summary: The II genotype of ACE1 gene polymorphism may increase the risk of contracting COVID-19, while the DD genotype and D allele are associated with increased disease severity and hospitalization risk. Carriers of the D allele also have an increased risk for developing hypoxia. Genotyping for ACE1 I/D polymorphism could aid in assessing risk and predicting severity for better prognosis and management of COVID-19.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Susanne Rysz et al.
Summary: Studies suggest that RAAS imbalance worsens the prognosis in COVID-19 patients, and experiments in pigs show that over-activation of ACE2 and RAAS can lead to a disease state similar to COVID-19 in humans. Imbalanced RAAS state in animals can be ameliorated by angiotensin receptor blockers and low-molecular-weight heparin.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Annamaria Mascolo et al.
Summary: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is now recognized as a local tissue system that affects organ function and can contribute to the onset of diseases. It operates in both the heart and lungs, with classic and non-classic pathways having different effects on cardiovascular and pulmonary health.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Respiratory System
Nicholas E. Ingraham et al.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2020)
Letter
Virology
Espen Skarstein Kolberg
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY
(2020)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Juan Gomez et al.
Article
Respiratory System
Yao Ma et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
(2018)
Review
Oncology
R. Ruiter et al.
CURRENT CANCER DRUG TARGETS
(2011)
Article
Physiology
Ruifeng Zhang et al.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2009)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Shaun Purcell et al.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2007)
Article
Anthropology
G Vargas-Alarcon et al.
