Early effect of dalfampridine in patients with MS: A multi-instrumental approach to better investigate responsiveness

Background: 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) is a potassium-channel blocker able to enhance walking speed in MS improving the action potentials of demyelinated axons on which internodal potassium channels are exposed. Objective: to study early 4-AP effect with clinical, subjective, neurophysiological and neuroradiological tools. Methods: Clinical (Timed 25-Foot Walk - T25FW, Timed Up-And-Go- TUG), subjective (MS Walking Scale-12 - MSWS-12), neurophysiological (Motor Evoked Potentials - MEPs) and imaging (Diffusion Tensor Imaging - DTI) evaluations were performed before (TO) and after (T1) 14 days of 4-AP treatment. MEPs were recorded from Abductor Hallucis of both legs. A Tract-Based-Spatial-Statistics (TBSS) was performed on DTI. Results: We found a significant difference between TO and T1 for T25FW, TUG, MSWS-12 (p <= 0.001) in the whole patients' sample (23 subjects, median EDSS 6.0) and decrease of Central Motor Conduction Time and increase of mean Amplitude (Amp) at T1 (p = 0.008 and p = 0.006). We also recorded a significant difference of T25FW, TUG, MSWS-12 and Amp in clinical responder (CR) patients (CR: amelioration >20% at T25FW). TBSS showed a significant Mean and Radial Diffusivity reduction in the corticospinal tracts (p <0.05) of the whole group of patients; this reduction was also found in the CR subgroup. Conclusion: Neurophysiological and neuroradiological parameters were modified in MS patients treated with 4 AP, and most of them reported a subjective improvement of their motor performances after treatment. The use of clinical, subjective, neurophysiological and neuroradiological tools could help to better explore MS patients responsiveness to 4-AP. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V.