Explanation of inconsistencies in the determination of human serum albumin thermal stability

Thermal denaturation of human serum albumin has been the subject of many studies in recent decades, but the results of these studies are often conflicting and inconclusive. To clarify this, we combined different spectro-scopic and calorimetric techniques and performed an in-depth analysis of the structural changes that occur during the thermal unfolding of different conformational forms of human serum albumin. Our results showed that the inconsistency of the results in the literature is related to the different quality of samples in different batches, methodological approaches and experimental conditions used in the studies. We confirmed that the presence of fatty acids (FAs) causes a more complex process of the thermal denaturation of human serum al-bumin. While the unfolding pathway of human serum albumin without FAs can be described by a two-step model, consisting of subsequent reversible and irreversible transitions, the thermal denaturation of human serum albumin with FAs appears to be a three-step process, consisting of a reversible step followed by two consecutive irreversible transitions.

Automated summary

We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the structural changes that occur during the thermal unfolding of different conformational forms of human serum albumin using various spectroscopic and calorimetric techniques. Our results revealed that inconsistent findings in previous studies were attributed to varying sample quality, methodological approaches, and experimental conditions. We also confirmed that the presence of fatty acids leads to a more complex thermal denaturation process of human serum albumin. This process involves a three-step pathway, including a reversible step followed by two consecutive irreversible transitions.