Fabrication and characterization of colorimetric indicator for Salmon freshness monitoring using agar/polyvinyl alcohol gel and anthocyanin from different plant sources

In order to investigate the sensitivity of anthocyanins from different plant origin as indicators for salmon freshness, nine plant anthocyanins were extracted and fabricated into colorimetric sensor arrays to detect NH3, trimethylamine (TMA), dimethylamine (DMA) to indicate salmon freshness. Rosella anthocyanin had the highest sensitivity for amines, ammonia and salmon. HPLC-MSS analysis indicated that Delphinidin-3 glucoside accounted for 75.48 % of the Rosella anthocyanin. UV-visible spectral analysis showed that the maximum absorbance band of Roselle anthocyanins for acid and alkaline forms were located at 525 nm and 625 nm which showed a relatively broader spectrum than other anthocyanins. An indicator film was fabricated by combining Roselle anthocyanin with agar and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), which showed visible changes from red to green when employed to monitor the freshness of salmon stored at 4 degrees C. The Delta E value of Roselle anthocyanin indicator film was changed from 5.94 to >10. The Delta E value also can predict the chemical quality indicators of salmon effectively, especially with characteristic volatile components, and the predictive correlation coefficient was above 0.98. Therefore, the proposed indicating film showed great potential monitoring salmon freshness.

Automated summary

In order to indicate the freshness of salmon, nine plant anthocyanins were extracted and fabricated into colorimetric sensor arrays to detect ammonia, trimethylamine, and dimethylamine. The rosella anthocyanin showed the highest sensitivity and was used to fabricate an indicator film, which changed color from red to green when monitoring the freshness of salmon stored at 4°C.