Orchestration of MUC2-The key regulatory target of gut barrier and homeostasis: A review

The gut mucosa of human is covered by mucus, functioning as a crucial defense line for the intestine against external stimuli and pathogens. Mucin2 (MUC2) is a subtype of secretory mucins generated by goblet cells and is the major macromolecular component of mucus. Currently, there is an increasing interest on the investigations of MUC2, noting that its function is far beyond a maintainer of the mucus barrier. Moreover, numerous gut diseases are associated with dysregulated MUC2 production. Appropriate production level of MUC2 and mucus con-tributes to gut barrier function and homeostasis. The production of MUC2 is regulated by a series of physiological processes, which are orchestrated by various bioactive molecules, signaling pathways and gut microbiota, etc., forming a complex regulatory network. Incorporating the latest findings, this review provided a comprehensive summary of MUC2, including its structure, significance and secretory process. Furthermore, we also summarized the molecular mechanisms of the regulation of MUC2 production aiming to provide developmental directions for future researches on MUC2, which can act as a potential prognostic indicator and targeted therapeutic manip-ulation for diseases. Collectively, we elucidated the micro-level mechanisms underlying MUC2-related pheno-types, hoping to offer some constructive guidance for intestinal and overall health of mankind.

Automated summary

The gut mucosa is protected by mucus, with Mucin2 (MUC2) being the main component. Research on MUC2 has revealed its importance beyond maintaining the mucus barrier, with dysregulated MUC2 production being associated with various gut diseases. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of MUC2, including its structure, significance, and regulatory mechanisms. The aim is to offer guidance for future research and potential therapeutic approaches for MUC2-related diseases.