4.7 Article

Acidic and alkaline deep eutectic solvents (DESs) pretreatment of grapevine: Component analysis, characterization, lignin structural analysis, and antioxidant properties

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DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123977

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DES pretreatment; Lignin; Structure characterization; Antioxidant activity

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This study compared the pretreatment effects of seven deep eutectic solvents (DESs) on grapevine agricultural by-products, with a focus on the removal of lignin and hemicellulose and the analysis of the pretreated residues. The results showed that both acidic choline chloride-lactic (CHCl-LA) and alkaline potassium carbonate-ethylene glycol (K2CO3-EG) were effective in delignification, but the lignin extracted by CHCl-LA had inferior physicochemical properties compared to K2CO3-EG lignin. It was found that the high antioxidant activity of K2CO3-EG lignin was mainly due to the abundant phenol hydroxyl, guaiacyl (G), and para-hydroxy-phenyl (H) groups.
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been extensively applied to pretreat lignocellulose; however, comparative research on acidic and alkaline DES pretreatment is relatively lacking. Herein, pretreatment of grapevine agri-cultural by-products with seven DESs were compared in terms of removal of lignin and hemicellulose and component analysis of the pretreated residues. Among the tested DESs, both acidic choline chloride-lactic (CHCl-LA), and alkaline potassium carbonate-ethylene glycol (K2CO3-EG) were effective in delignification. Thereafter, the CHCl-LA and K2CO3-EG extracted lignin was compared by analyzing their physicochemical structure changes and antioxidant properties. The results showed that the thermal stability, molecular weight, and phenol hydroxyl percentage of CHCl-LA lignin were inferior to K2CO3-EG lignin. It was found that the high antioxidant activity of K2CO3-EG lignin was mainly attributed to the abundant phenol hydroxyl, guaiacyl (G), and para-hydroxy-phenyl (H). By comparing acidic and alkaline DES pretreatments and their lignin nuances in biorefining, novel insights are derived for the scheduling and selection of DES for lignocellulosic pretreatment.

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