Post-COVID Interstitial Lung Disease-The Tip of the Iceberg

Article Anesthesiology

One-Year Multidisciplinary Follow-Up of Patients With COVID-19 Requiring Invasive Mechanical Ventilation

Alberto Zangrillo et al.

Summary: Patients with COVID-19 ARDS requiring invasive mechanical ventilation had good 1-year survival, quality of life, and functional recovery. Most patients reported no difficulties and showed overall good recovery.

JOURNAL OF CARDIOTHORACIC AND VASCULAR ANESTHESIA (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Oral Nirmatrelvir for High-Risk, Nonhospitalized Adults with Covid-19

Jennifer Hammond et al.

Summary: In high-risk, unvaccinated adults, treatment of Covid-19 with nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir can significantly reduce the risk of hospitalization and death, with good safety profile.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Cell Biology

A phase 2a clinical trial of molnupiravir in patients with COVID-19 shows accelerated SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance and elimination of infectious virus

William A. Fischer et al.

Summary: In a clinical trial, the safety, tolerability, and antiviral efficacy of molnupiravir were evaluated in unvaccinated individuals with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study found that participants receiving high-dose molnupiravir had a shorter time to viral RNA clearance and a lower detection rate of infectious virus. Molnupiravir was well tolerated across all doses.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Characteristics and Prognostic Factors of Pulmonary Fibrosis After COVID-19 Pneumonia

Elisabetta Cocconcelli et al.

Summary: Only twenty percent of patients showed persistent lung abnormalities at 6 months after hospitalization for COVID-19 pneumonia in this study. These patients are predominantly older men with longer hospital stay. The presence of reticulations and consolidation on HRCT at hospital admission predicts the persistence of radiological abnormalities during follow-up.

FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

Lung Function, Radiological Findings and Biomarkers of Fibrogenesis in a Cohort of COVID-19 Patients Six Months After Hospital Discharge

Belen Safont et al.

Summary: This study evaluated functional respiratory parameters, changes in chest CT, and correlation with peripheral blood biomarkers involved in lung fibrosis at two and six months after SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. The results showed that almost half of patients with moderate or severe COVID-19 pneumonia had impaired pulmonary diffusion six months after discharge. Severe patients showed fibrotic lesions in CT scan and elevated serum biomarkers involved in pulmonary fibrosis.

ARCHIVOS DE BRONCONEUMOLOGIA (2022)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Chest CT-based Assessment of 1-year Outcomes after Moderate COVID-19 Pneumonia

Marialuisa Bocchino et al.

Summary: This study aimed to illustrate the temporal change of lung abnormalities associated with COVID-19 pneumonia on chest CT scans over 1 year. The study found that residual lung abnormalities in individuals hospitalized with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia were infrequent, with no evidence of fibrosis at 1-year chest CT.

RADIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Respiratory System

Parenchymal lung abnormalities following hospitalisation for COVID-19 and viral pneumonitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Laura Fabbri et al.

Summary: This study assessed the proportion of lung disease in COVID-19 survivors by analyzing chest CT scans and pulmonary function tests. The findings suggest that pulmonary fibrosis and other sequelae are common in COVID-19 patients during follow-up. However, caution should be exercised in interpreting the estimates due to heterogeneity and differences in study populations.

THORAX (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Clinical characteristics with inflammation profiling of long COVID and association with 1-year recovery following hospitalisation in the UK: a prospective observational study

Rachael A. Evans et al.

Summary: This study aimed to describe recovery one year after hospital discharge for COVID-19 and identify potential therapeutic targets by analyzing inflammatory profiles. The results showed that a significant proportion of patients did not fully recover one year after discharge. Female sex, obesity, and invasive mechanical ventilation were associated with lower likelihood of full recovery. Inflammation and obesity may be treatable traits that need further investigation in clinical trials.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Immunology

Long-term Outcomes and Recovery of Patients who Survived COVID-19: LUNG INJURY COVID-19 Study

Gianna Vargas Centanaro et al.

Summary: This study is an observational research on the long-term outcomes and recovery of COVID-19 lung injury. Twelve months after infection, almost half of severe cases showed evidence of pulmonary fibrosis, and nearly one-third of the cases had abnormal pulmonary function. These results emphasize the importance of systematic follow-up and appropriate management of pulmonary sequelae in severe COVID-19 patients.

OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Post COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis; a meta-analysis study

Bnar J. Hama Amin et al.

Summary: This meta-analysis study found that approximately 44.9% of COVID-19 survivors developed pulmonary fibrosis, and the severity of COVID-19 was significantly associated with the development of PCPF.

ANNALS OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Understanding post-COVID-19 interstitial lung disease (ILD): a new fibroinflammatory disease entity

Puja Mehta et al.

INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

The Effect of Nintedanib in Post-COVID-19 Lung Fibrosis: An Observational Study

Narongkorn Saiphoklang et al.

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nintedanib on patients' post-COVID-19 lung fibrosis. The results showed that nintedanib did not improve oxygenation, chest X-ray findings, or the 60-day mortality. However, it did improve the SpO(2)/FiO(2) ratio in the patients. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the efficacy of nintedanib for treatment of patients with post-COVID-19 lung fibrosis.

CRITICAL CARE RESEARCH AND PRACTICE (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

Lung function and radiological findings 1 year after COVID-19: a prospective follow-up

Julia Tarraso et al.

Summary: This study evaluated pulmonary sequelae in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia one year after hospital discharge. The results showed that a significant percentage of patients develop lung diffusion impairment and radiological fibrotic-like changes, regardless of the severity of the acute process.

RESPIRATORY RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Follow-Up CT Patterns of Residual Lung Abnormalities in Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia Survivors: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

Giulia Besutti et al.

Summary: This study evaluated residual chest CT abnormalities in severe COVID-19 pneumonia survivors. Results showed that over 55% of patients had normal or barely normal follow-up CT scans, while non-fibrotic and fibrotic abnormalities were found in around 37.5% and 4.4% of patients respectively. Ground-glass opacities were the most common finding in non-fibrotic changes, while subpleural reticulation and traction bronchiectasis were frequent in fibrotic abnormalities. Residual abnormalities extension decreased over time in patients with multiple timepoints available.

TOMOGRAPHY (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

Persistent Health Problems beyond Pulmonary Recovery up to 6 Months after Hospitalization for COVID-19 A Longitudinal Study of Respiratory, Physical, and Psychological Outcomes

Merel E. Hellemons et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the sequelae up to 6 months after hospitalization for COVID-19 and identified the most important predictors of clinically relevant sequelae. The findings showed that most patients continued to recover across all health domains, but persistent sequelae, especially fatigue, were common and impacted health-related quality of life.

ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

One-year pulmonary impairment after severe COVID-19: a prospective, multicenter follow-up study

Paola Faverio et al.

Summary: This study investigated pulmonary sequelae in patients one year after hospitalization for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. The findings showed that DLCO impairment and non-fibrotic interstitial lung abnormalities were common, particularly in older patients requiring higher ventilatory support.

RESPIRATORY RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

Understanding the burden of interstitial lung disease post-COVID-19: the UK Interstitial Lung Disease-Long COVID Study (UKILD-Long COVID)

Jim M. Wild et al.

Summary: The study will conduct longitudinal observational studies on patients with suspected ILD following COVID-19 to determine the prevalence of ILD at 12 months post-infection. Additional studies will focus on factors that determine the trajectory of recovery or progression of ILD. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals to establish the extent and consequences of LC-ILD and enable strategies to mitigate progression.

BMJ OPEN RESPIRATORY RESEARCH (2021)

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Review Allergy

Risk factors for severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients: A review

Ya-dong Gao et al.

Summary: The severity factors of COVID-19 include age, gender, underlying health conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and immunodeficiency, which may lead to complications like acute kidney injury. Various laboratory indicators and parameters can help monitor disease progression, while socioeconomic factors, lifestyle, and quality of healthcare also play a role in individual outcomes.

ALLERGY (2021)

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Review Physiology

Healing after COVID-19: are survivors at risk for pulmonary fibrosis?

Lindsay T. McDonald

Summary: The novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, responsible for COVID-19, was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and the World Health Organization declared a pandemic by March 2020. Concerns have been raised about potential long-term effects of COVID-19 on respiratory health, but with limited data available, predictions on long-term outcomes remain speculative. Improved recognition of potential risk factors for fibrotic disease through studying previous coronavirus outbreaks is crucial in understanding the potential long-term implications of COVID-19.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Respiratory System

Pulmonary function and radiological features 4 months after COVID-19: first results from the national prospective observational Swiss COVID-19 lung study

Sabina A. Guler et al.

Summary: The Swiss COVID-19 lung study investigated pulmonary sequelae of COVID-19 in 113 survivors. Severe/critical COVID-19 was associated with significant functional and radiological abnormalities 4 months after infection, potentially due to small-airway and lung parenchymal disease. Systematic follow-up for survivors needs to be evaluated to optimize care for patients recovering from COVID-19.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Pathophysiology of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Insights from Clinical Studies

Pratik Sinha et al.

CRITICAL CARE CLINICS (2021)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

An update on drugs with therapeutic potential for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) treatment

Sylwester Drozdzal et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic poses a significant threat to global health with various therapeutic agents initially proclaimed to be effective, but later disproved. The Pfizer agent PAXLOVIDTM has shown promising results in reducing hospitalization time and death rates. Further development of additional treatments is needed due to the insufficiency of current recommended therapeutic options.

DRUG RESISTANCE UPDATES (2021)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Six-month Follow-up Chest CT Findings after Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia

Xiaoyu Han et al.

Summary: The study found that over one-third of severe COVID-19 patients showed fibrotic-like changes in the lung at 6-month follow-up CT, which were associated with older age, acute respiratory distress syndrome, longer hospital stays, tachycardia, noninvasive mechanical ventilation, and higher initial chest CT score.

RADIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Respiratory System

A prospective study of 12-week respiratory outcomes in COVID-19-related hospitalisations

Aditi S. Shah et al.

Summary: The long-term respiratory morbidity of COVID-19 remains unclear. A study found that a significant percentage of previously hospitalized patients had persisting abnormalities in clinical, radiological, and pulmonary function, highlighting the importance of developing treatment strategies and long-term respiratory follow-up.

THORAX (2021)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Thin-section computed tomography findings and longitudinal variations of the residual pulmonary sequelae after discharge in patients with COVID-19: a short-term follow-up study

Die Zhang et al.

Summary: This study analyzed and compared CT findings and longitudinal variations after discharge in severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients, showing significant differences in the characteristics and changing trends of pulmonary sequelae between the two groups. Patients with severe/critical disease had more serious pulmonary sequelae and slower recovery compared to those with moderate disease. Some fibrosis-like findings were completely absorbed in patients with moderate and severe/critical diseases after discharge.

EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Discovery, Development, and Patent Trends on Molnupiravir: A Prospective Oral Treatment for COVID-19

Mohd Imran et al.

Summary: Molnupiravir, developed initially for influenza treatment, has shown promising activity against various viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. With good safety profile and oral bioavailability, it is currently in development for treating COVID-19 and expected to be available in an oral dosage form in 2022. Patent data suggests potential combinations with other drugs to enhance efficacy.

MOLECULES (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

A single-cell transcriptomic landscape of the lungs of patients with COVID-19

Si Wang et al.

Summary: This study provides insights into the molecular basis of lung pathology in COVID-19 patients through multi-omics and single-nucleus transcriptomic analysis, identifying pathological features associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection such as hyperinflammation, alveolar epithelial cell exhaustion, vascular changes, and fibrosis. It also highlights lung senescence as a molecular state of COVID-19 pathology and suggests FOXO3A suppression as a potential mechanism for COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis.

NATURE CELL BIOLOGY (2021)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Repurposing of histone deacetylase inhibitors: A promising strategy to combat pulmonary fibrosis promoted by TGF-β signalling in COVID-19 survivors

Krishna P. Murthy et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global public health emergency with millions affected worldwide. Global efforts are being made by scientists to combat the virus with the development of treatments, and the World Health Organization provides updates on treatment progress.

LIFE SCIENCES (2021)

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Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

COVID-19 sequelae in adults aged less than 50 years: A systematic review

Sandra Willi et al.

Summary: This review systematically evaluated the intermediate and long-term sequelae of COVID-19 in formerly healthy adults, finding that various organ systems can be affected for months post-recovery, with key sequelae including fatigue, breathlessness, reduced lung function, and carditis. Careful follow-up of COVID-19 survivors is crucial to assess and mitigate potential organ damage and maintain quality of life.

TRAVEL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE (2021)

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News Item Medicine, General & Internal

Covid-19: Molnupiravir reduces risk of hospital admission or death by 50% in patients at risk, MSD reports

Elisabeth Mahase

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Physical, cognitive, and mental health impacts of COVID-19 after hospitalisation (PHOSP-COVID): a UK multicentre, prospective cohort study

Rachael A. Evans et al.

Summary: The study aimed to understand the impact of COVID-19-related hospitalization on health and employment, identify factors associated with recovery, and describe recovery phenotypes. Findings revealed that some patients did not fully recover six months after discharge, with factors such as female sex, middle age, comorbidities, and severe illness contributing to difficulties in recovery. The study also identified four different recovery phenotypes.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Correlation of autopsy pathological findings and imaging features from 9 fatal cases of COVID-19 pneumonia

Lingyun Zhao et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between radiological features and pulmonary pathology in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. The predominant pattern of pulmonary injury was diffuse alveolar damage and interstitial inflammation, with various histopathology features observed. Imaging features of COVID-19 pneumonia at the critically ill stage included diffuse ground-glass opacities with consolidation, interstitial thickening, and fibrous stripes, with fungal and bacterial co-infections also being observed. Typical imaging features were able to be correlated with underlying pathological findings.

MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A molecular single-cell lung atlas of lethal COVID-19

Johannes C. Melms et al.

Summary: Single-nucleus RNA sequencing of lung tissues from individuals who died of COVID-19 revealed a highly inflamed lung environment with impaired T cell responses and failed transition of alveolar type 2 cells. Additionally, expansion of pathological fibroblasts contributing to rapidly ensuing pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19 was identified as a unique feature compared to other causes of pneumonia.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Integrative respiratory follow-up of severe COVID-19 reveals common functional and lung imaging sequelae

Antoine Froidure et al.

Summary: A cohort study was conducted to determine respiratory sequelae in patients with severe and critical COVID-19, finding that a substantial proportion complain of persisting dyspnea and fatigue post-recovery. Impairment of DLCO and signs suggestive of fibrosis are common, but not strictly related to long-lasting symptoms.

RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

3-month, 6-month, 9-month, and 12-month respiratory outcomes in patients following COVID-19-related hospitalisation: a prospective study

Xiaojun Wu et al.

Summary: Most patients recovering from severe COVID-19 showed improvement in dyspnoea scores and exercise capacity over time, but a subgroup of patients still exhibited persistent physiological and radiographic changes at 12 months post-discharge. A unified pathway for respiratory follow-up is needed for COVID-19 patients.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Pulmonary Sequelae at 4 Months After COVID-19 Infection: A Single-Centre Experience of a COVID Follow-Up Service

Rebecca C. Robey et al.

Summary: After the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, over 78 million survivors were recorded. A retrospective analysis on 221 hospitalized COVID survivors found that persistent pulmonary sequelae were associated with smoking history, pre-existing diabetes, and length of stay. Tests showed abnormalities in pulmonary function and evidence of ground glass opacities and fibrosis on CT scans, indicating potential long-term lung issues in a portion of survivors.

ADVANCES IN THERAPY (2021)

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Review Immunology

COVID-19 and pulmonary fibrosis: A potential role for lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts

Alison E. John et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic started in late 2019 in Wuhan City, China and has since spread worldwide. The disease, caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, primarily affects the respiratory system but can also impact other bodily systems. Patients may develop features of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, raising questions about the long-term effects and progression of the disease.

IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

1-year outcomes in hospital survivors with COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study

Lixue Huang et al.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Pulmonary function and six-minute-walk test in patients after recovery from COVID-19: A prospective cohort study

Dararat Eksombatchai et al.

Summary: The study found that 17.2% of COVID-19 survivors have abnormal spirometry, including restrictive and obstructive defects. Severe COVID-19 pneumonia patients had higher prevalence rates of abnormal spirometry and residual fibrosis on chest radiographs compared to patients with mild symptoms and non-severe pneumonia.

PLOS ONE (2021)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 Pneumonia: Six-month Chest CT Follow-up

Damiano Caruso et al.

Summary: At the 6-month follow-up chest CT, 72% of patients with COVID-19 showed late sequelae, particularly fibrosis-like changes. The baseline Lung Severity Score and well-aerated lung volume at quantitative chest CT analysis performed well in predicting fibrosis-like changes after 6 months. Male sex, cough, lymphocytosis, and well-aerated lung volume at QCCT analysis were significant predictors of fibrosis-like changes at 6 months, showing an inverse correlation.

RADIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Respiratory System

Six-Month Pulmonary Impairment after Severe COVID-19: A Prospective, Multicentre Follow-Up Study

Paola Faverio et al.

Summary: This study followed up with 312 patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia for 6 months and found that DLCO and chest X-ray were the most sensitive tools to monitor pulmonary sequelae. A minority of patients reported dyspnoea, but most did not have restrictive ventilatory defects.

RESPIRATION (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Residual ground glass opacities three months after Covid-19 pneumonia correlate to alteration of respiratory function: The post Covid M3 study

Justine Frija-Masson et al.

Summary: This study found that survivors of COVID-19 pneumonia often experience impaired lung function at three months, even in patients with mild initial disease, with significantly lower function in those with residual CT lesions. Steroids do not seem to impact functional and radiological recovery. Long-term follow-up is necessary.

RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Immunofibrotic drivers of impaired lung function in postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Hyung J. Chun et al.

Summary: This study found that biological factors related to neutrophil activation, fibrosis signaling, and alveolar repair may be novel therapeutic or prognostic targets for individuals recovering from COVID-19 with persistent respiratory symptoms.

JCI INSIGHT (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Comparison of Residual Pulmonary Abnormalities 3 Months After Discharge in Patients Who Recovered From COVID-19 of Different Severity

Mei Zhou et al.

Summary: This study found that pulmonary abnormalities persisted in COVID-19 survivors at 3 months post-discharge, with more frequent and conspicuous sequelae observed in patients with severe/critical disease.

FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Respiratory System

Severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: Clinical, functional and imaging outcomes at 4 months

E. Noel-Savina et al.

Summary: In this study of severe COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital, 61% remained symptomatic after 4 months, with 39% having persistent functional abnormalities and 41% having radiological abnormalities. Embolic sequelae were rare, but reduced capillary volume was found to be the main functional respiratory abnormality. Follow-up respiratory check-ups post severe COVID-19 pneumonia could help improve future patient management.

RESPIRATORY MEDICINE AND RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Respiratory System

Risk factors for persistent abnormality on chest radiographs at 12-weeks post hospitalisation with PCR confirmed COVID-19

T. J. M. Wallis et al.

Summary: The study found that some COVID-19 patients still had chest X-ray abnormalities 12 weeks after discharge. Longer length of stay, obesity, increased serum LDH, and smoking status were identified as independent risk factors for persistent radiograph abnormality.

RESPIRATORY RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Respiratory System

Persistent Post-COVID-19 Interstitial Lung Disease An Observational Study of Corticosteroid Treatment

Katherine Jane Myall et al.

Summary: Following SARS-CoV-2 infection, some patients develop persistent radiological inflammatory lung disease and functional deficits. Early treatment with corticosteroids is well tolerated and associated with rapid and significant improvement.

ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY (2021)

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Article Peripheral Vascular Disease

Short-Term Consequences of SARS-CoV-2-Related Pneumonia: A Follow Up Study

Gianluca E. M. Boari et al.

Summary: This study aimed to assess the short-term consequences of COVID-19-related pneumonia and its association with risk indices. Findings revealed that a quarter of patients showed evidence of pulmonary fibrosis after 4 months of discharge, with some patients experiencing persistent symptoms. Quality of life and disease severity may provide insights into predicting the clinical outcomes of the disease.

HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE & CARDIOVASCULAR PREVENTION (2021)

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Article Respiratory System

'Long-COVID': a cross-sectional study of persisting symptoms, biomarker and imaging abnormalities following hospitalisation for COVID-19

Swapna Mandal et al.

Summary: Following discharge from hospital, a significant number of COVID-19 patients continue to experience persistent symptoms such as breathlessness, cough, fatigue, and depression. Some patients also show elevated levels of biomarkers indicating ongoing health issues. Chest radiographs reveal abnormalities in a considerable portion of patients, with a small percentage showing deterioration.

THORAX (2021)

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Review Virology

Discharge may not be the end of treatment: Pay attention to pulmonary fibrosis caused by severe COVID-19

Chi Zhang et al.

Summary: The article introduces the potential mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis caused by the COVID-19 virus and discusses the role of three signaling pathways related to fibrosis in the lungs. It also explores the potential therapeutic value of two drugs for COVID-19-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges

Chih-Cheng Lai et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS (2020)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Zunyou Wu et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2020)

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Article Virology

Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A single arm meta-analysis

Pengfei Sun et al.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019

Na Zhu et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

Alveolar macrophage - derived exosomes modulate severity and outcome of acute lung injury

Cong Ye et al.

AGING-US (2020)

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Article Respiratory System

β2-integrin LFA1 mediates airway damage following neutrophil transepithelial migration during respiratory syncytial virus infection

Jenny Amanda Herbert et al.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2020)

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Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19

John B. Moore et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

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Article Virology

Neutrophil-Airway Epithelial Interactions Result in Increased Epithelial Damage and Viral Clearance during Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Yu Deng et al.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2020)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Analysis of thin -section CT in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) after hospital discharge

Jiangping Wei et al.

JOURNAL OF X-RAY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study

Fei Zhou et al.

LANCET (2020)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Pulmonary fibrosis and COVID-19: the potential role for antifibrotic therapy

Peter M. George et al.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, Legal

Complete post-mortem data in a fatal case of COVID-19: clinical, radiological and pathological correlations

Mathilde Ducloyer et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE (2020)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19

Angelo Carfi et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2020)

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Letter Infectious Diseases

Lung fibrosis: an undervalued finding in COVID-19 pathological series

Federica Grillo et al.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Pulmonary post-mortem findings in a series of COVID-19 cases from northern Italy: a two-centre descriptive study

Luca Carsana et al.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

First report on clinical and radiological features of COVID-19 pneumonitis in a Caucasian population: Factors predicting fibrotic evolution

Maurizio Marvisi et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Review Respiratory System

Respiratory follow-up of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia

Peter M. George et al.

THORAX (2020)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Pulmonary function of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus induced-pneumonia: a retrospective cohort study

Dongqing Lv et al.

ANNALS OF PALLIATIVE MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Fibrotic Changes Depicted by Thin-Section CT in Patients With COVID-19 at the Early Recovery Stage: Preliminary Experience

Zhen Lu Yang et al.

FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE (2020)

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Letter Cell Biology

Phase 1 trial for treatment of COVID-19 patients with pulmonary fibrosis using hESC-IMRCs

Jun Wu et al.

CELL PROLIFERATION (2020)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Mechanical Stress and the Induction of Lung Fibrosis via the Midkine Signaling Pathway

Rang Zhang et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE (2015)

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