An Analytical Framework for Evaluating the Impact of Distribution-Level LVRT Response on Transmission System Security

Low voltage ride through (LVRT) is a solution to increase the tolerance of distributed energy resources (DERs) against the voltage sags. However, the possibility of DERs trip according to the present grid codes exists. Such trips do not have a substantial local effect but are essential for transmission systems with connected DER-penetrated distribution networks (DPDNs). This paper investigates an analytical framework to see the impact of distribution-level LVRT response on transmission system security. LVRT response stands for the total amount of lost DER capacity due to the inability to meet the LVRT requirement during the voltage sag. This generation loss in the distribution sector can expose the transmission network to lines overloading after fault clearance. The proposed novel approach is based on a source contingency analysis that lets transmission system operators (TSOs) conduct an LVRT-oriented security assessment. In this kind of security assessment, a mathematical function is defined as the LVRT response function of DPDNs. This function gives the lost DER capacity in response to the transmission-level transient faults and is constructed by distribution system operators (DSOs). The TSO can use these functions to assess the loading security of transmission lines in post-clearance system conditions. In this analytical framework, LVRT-oriented security is evaluated by calculating the risk of lines overloading under a large number of random faults. The proposed approach is implemented in two test power systems with a considerable DER penetration level to obtain the risk of line overloading due to the LVRT response in distribution networks.

Automated summary

This paper investigates the impact of distribution-level low voltage ride through (LVRT) response on transmission system security. A novel approach based on source contingency analysis is proposed for LVRT-oriented security assessment. The risk of line overloading due to LVRT response in distribution networks is evaluated by calculating the risk of lines overloading under a large number of random faults.