Fat mass as an important predictor of persistent hypertension in patients with primary aldosteronism after adrenalectomy

Aldosterone excess is present in obesity and is associated with involvement in the pathogenesis of obesity. We evaluate the impact of body obesity as measured by body composition monitor (BCM) on clinical outcomes in patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism (uPA) after adrenalectomy. The BCM device was used to assess body composition before and after adrenalectomy. We used fat mass (FM) and body mass index (BMI) to classify obesity and divided obesity into three groups: clinical overweight (BMI (kg/m(2)) >= 25); normal weight obesity (NWO, FM (%) >= 35 for women, > 25 for men & BMI < 25); and no obesity (FM < 35 for women, < 25 for men & BMI < 25). A total of 130 unilateral PA (uPA) patients received adrenalectomy, and 27 EH patients were identified; uPA patients with hypertension remission were found to have lower FM (p = 0.046), BMI (p < 0.001), and lower prevalence of overweight (p = 0.001). In the logistic regression model, patients with clinical overweight (OR = 2.9, p = 0.007), NWO (OR = 3.04, p = 0.041) and longer HTN duration (years, OR = 1.065, p = 0.013) were at the risk of persistent hypertension after adrenalectomy. Obesity status was strongly associated with persistent hypertension in uPA patients after adrenalectomy. However, patients in the NWO group also carried higher risk of persistent hypertension. Therefore, assessment of pre-obesity and overweight in uPA patients are extremely important, especially in those who have normal BMI.

Automated summary

Aldosterone excess is associated with obesity, and this study evaluated the impact of obesity on clinical outcomes in patients with uPA after adrenalectomy. Using BCM, body composition was assessed before and after the surgery. Obesity was classified into three groups based on FM and BMI. The results showed that overweight and NWO patients had a higher risk of persistent hypertension after adrenalectomy. It is important to assess pre-obesity and overweight in uPA patients, especially those with a normal BMI.