Screening of liver cancer with abbreviated MRI

Current recommendations for the surveillance of HCC are based on the semiannual liver ultrasound (with or without serum alpha-fetoprotein) in patients with cirrhosis and in subgroups with chronic hepatitis B infection. However, the sensitivity of this strategy is suboptimal for the detection of early-stage tumors, especially in obese patients, due to interoperator variability and poor adherence. The detection rate of focal liver lesions is excellent with MRI, making it the best alternative candidate for surveillance. However, performing a full contrast-enhanced MRI is unrealistic because of limited availability and health economics. Abbreviated MRI (AMRI) corresponds to the acquisition of a limited number of sequences with a high detection rate. The theoretical benefits of AMRI are a reduced acquisition time ( = 10 min) with improved time-effectiveness and cost-effectiveness compared with conventional MRI, and greater accuracy than ultrasound. Numerous protocols may be performed, including T1-weighted, T2 weighted, and DWI sequences, with or without contrast administration. Although published studies report promising per-patient results, they should be interpreted with caution. Indeed, most studies were simulated, retrospectively reviewing a subset of sequences in relatively small populations who underwent a full MRI. They also included groups that were not representative of screening populations. In addition, most were published by Asian groups, with at-risk populations that were different from Western populations. There are no existing longitudinal studies that directly compare the different AMRI approaches or AMRI to ultrasound. Finally, it is possible that 1 approach will not fit all patients and that strategies should be tailored to the risk of HCC, in particular in relation to the cost and availability of AMRI. Several trials are ongoing to evaluate these questions.

Automated summary

Current surveillance recommendations for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) involve semiannual liver ultrasound, but this method's sensitivity is suboptimal for early-stage tumors, particularly in obese patients. MRI has shown excellent detection rates for liver lesions, but full contrast-enhanced MRI is not feasible due to limited availability and cost. Abbreviated MRI (AMRI) involves acquiring a limited number of sequences and has shown potential benefits of reduced acquisition time and improved cost-effectiveness compared to conventional MRI. However, caution should be exercised when interpreting published studies, as most were retrospective and focused on specific populations. Direct comparison studies and the development of tailored strategies based on HCC risk factors and AMRI availability are still needed.